that of bacteria and manufacturing many of their own proteins. The fact that both the organelles reproduce by binary fission can also be mentioned. Besides the similarities between the two organelles‚ notable differences are present in their structure and function that could be stated as follows: Chloroplasts and mitochondria both have number of different membranes where most of the energy conversion reactions take place. But there are some membranes in the chloroplast that contain some crucial components
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Cell structure and function Cell structures come in various shapes and sizes dependent on their location within an organism and what life sustaining process it carries out. These can range from the globular protein of a red blood cell‚ designed to carry four oxygen molecules at a time to the tail like flagellum of a bacteria designed for mobility and penetration of organs within a body. There are tow major types of cells‚ prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. An organelle is defined as an
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The cardiovascular system consists of the heart‚ blood vessels‚ and blood. This system has three main functions: Transport of nutrients‚ oxygen‚ and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide‚ nitrogenous wastes). Atria: Ventricles: In a four-chambered heart‚ such as that in humans‚ there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs‚ and the left ventricle pumps
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Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function Section 3.1: Cell Theory: Cells are the smallest building unit of living organisms that can carry out all processes required for life. Almost all cells are too small to see without the aid of a Microscope. Although glass lenses used to magnify images for hundreds of years‚ they were not enough to reveal individual cells. The invention of Compound microscope was in the late 1500s by the Dutch eyeglass maker Zacharias Janssen. In 1665‚ the English scientist
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Structure of the heart: The heart is at the centre of the cardiovascular system. It is a hollow muscular pump that drives blood through the arteries‚ which allows it to reach the working muscles and tissues. The heart is split into two halves. The right side of the heart is separated from the left by a solid wall known as the septum. This prevents any blood on the right side coming into contact with the blood on the left side. The right side of the heart sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs in
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Plant Structure and Function Plant Body The unique organization of tissues in flowering plants is part of the reason why they are the dominant group of the plant kingdom. Monocots and Dicots Meristems Meristems – region of undifferentiated cells that can divide rapidly. Apical meristems – shoots and tip of roots (primary growth) Lateral meristems – thickening of the cambium (secondary growth) Plant Tissues Plant Tissues Xylem – conducts water and mineral ions; fluids can
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THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM [1] On a front direct projection of the thorax X-ray the expansion of the left contour of the middle shadow in its lower department is present. What department of the heart is enlarged? A. Auricle of the left atrium B. Right ventricle C. Left atrium D. Right atrium E. Left ventricle The middle shadow on a front direct projection of the thorax X-ray is formed by the heart and vessels diverging from it. The middle shadow of left contour is formed by four arches.
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Lipids are made up of carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen (phospholipids also contain phosphate) and are found in a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to eukaryotes where they perform a wide variety of useful functions. This essay will expand on these functions to describe the role of lipids. There are several types of lipid including triglycerides‚ steroids‚ waxes and phospholipids. Triglycerides are made up of three fatty acids combined with glycerol by an ester linkage meaning they are predominantly
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Chapter 2 Integrin Structure and Function Manakan Betsy Srichai and Roy Zent Abstract Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric glycoprotein receptors first discovered over twenty years ago. They exist as two noncovalently bound a- and b- subunits that function as adhesion molecules and play key roles in many biological processes including actin cytoskeleton organization and transduction of intracellular signals regulating cellular functions. Integrins bind a variety of extracellular matrices
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p53: Structure‚ Function and Therapeutic Applications Ling Bai and Wei-Guo Zhu1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology‚ Peking University Health Science Center‚ Beijing‚ China [L. Bai‚ W.-G. Zhu]; Department of Biotechnology‚ Guilin Medical College‚ Guilin‚ China [L. Bai] Since the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been found to be mutated in more than 50% of human cancers‚ it has attracted the interest of numerous researchers. The capacity of p53 for multiple biological functions can be
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