Jönköping‚ Sweden d School of Economics‚ University of East Anglia‚ Norwich NR4 7TJ‚ UK b c a b s t r a c t JEL classification: G32 G30 Keywords: Financial constraints Financial structure Financial development Cash flow sensitivity of cash We estimate firms’ cash flow sensitivity of cash to empirically test how the financial system’s structure and level of development influence their financial constraints. For this purpose we merge Almeida et al.’s work‚ a path-breaking design for evaluating a firm’s
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amount of total purchased ordinary shares. Retained earnings are the sum of profit retained in the entity after dividends payout. The share-based payment arises on the grant of share optons to employees and executives under share option plan and the cash flow hedge reserves. (b) Total equity of 775 millions in 2012 and 785 millions in 2011 are reported. (c) The opening contributed capital was $ 525‚105‚000 at 31st July 2011 and $547‚028‚000 at the end of the reporting period. The change in contributed
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exists between the cash flows of one project and another. A mutually exclusive projects is one in which the acceptance of one exclude the acceptance of other projects c. c. 1. Define the term net present value (NPV). The net present value is based upon the discounted cash flow technique. To implement this approach find the present value of each cash flow‚ including the initial cash flow‚ discounted at the project’s cost of capital‚ r. Sum these discounted cash flows; this sum is defined
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Chapter 10 Question 1 Marks: 1 Which of the following is NOT a capital component when calculating the weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? Choose one answer. | a. Long-term debt. | | | b. Accounts payable. | | | c. Retained earnings. | | | d. Common stock. | | | e. Preferred stock. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1. Question 2 Marks: 1 For a typical firm‚ which of the following sequences is CORRECT? All rates are after taxes‚ and assume the firm operates at its
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In order to capitalize on the expanding Indian domestic wine market projected to grow 25-30 percent per year and continue Sula Vineyard’s current growth trajectory‚ Sula Vineyard should consider improving its operational cash flows by efficient management of working capital which will help in the generation of additional profits. Equity funding through internal sources of capital such as retained earnings will reduce the risk of financing through long and short term loans where there could be high
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have personally thought of as a professional at my job. Should Caledonia focus on cash flows or accounting profits in making its capital-budgeting decisions? Should the company be interested in incremental cash flows‚ incremental profits‚ total free cash flows‚ or total profits? On this particular take‚ I believe we should focus on free cash flows rather than profits because the company itself can receive cash flow and reinvest it. The benefit or cost of this can be determined in due time. We can
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PV = $100 0.797 = $79.70 PV = $100 0.712 = $71.20 PV = $89.30 + $79.70 + $71.20 = $240.20 2. a. PV = $100 4.279 = $427.90 b. PV = $100 4.580 = $458.00 c. We can think of cash flows in this problem as being the difference between two separate streams of cash flows. The first stream is $100 per year received in years 1 through 12; the second is $100 per year paid in years 1 through 2. The PV of $100 received in years 1 to 12 is: PV = $100 [Annuity factor‚ 12
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STATE HOW BOTH COMPANIES SHOULD CLASSIFY THE LEASE. GIVE REASONS FOR YOUR ANSWER. Both Purple Ltd and Lemon Ltd should classify the lease as a finance lease based on the below. Present value of all future lease payments = ($8‚000 – $1‚000) X 3.8897 = $27‚228 Present value of guaranteed residual value = 50% X 7‚200 X 0.6499 Total present value = $27‚228 + $2‚340 of the Bulldozer The present value of the minimum lease payments is substantially all of the fair value of the leased
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Apartments project. The investment Strategy JPI tried to achieve at least a 150 basis point spread between the initial yield and the current market capitalization rates. JPI was seeking development opportunities which provide a going-in cap rate (or cash on cash return) of at least 10% on the total project cost. They had developed approximately 2800 apartment units and 1‚640 apartments. This record was in line their investment strategy of targeting a “holding period for development projects of two to
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in a consistent manner requires that project: I) cash flows be estimated in nominal terms II) cash flows be estimated in real terms III) accounting income be used: a. I only b. II only c. III only d. None of the above 4. Proper treatment of inflation in the NPV calculation involves: I) Discounting nominal cash flows using the nominal discount rate II) Discounting real cash flows using the real discount rate III) Discounting nominal cash flows using the real discount rates a. I only b. II
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