is essentially rock. This process is known as lithification. • Igneous rocks are rocks which have crystallized from a melt or magma. The melt is made up of various components of pre-existing rocks which have been subjected to melting either at subduction zones or within the Earth’s mantle. The melt is hot and so passes upward through cooler country rock. As it moves it cools and various rock types will form through a process known as fractional crystallization. Igneous rocks can be seen at mid ocean
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“The extent to which tectonic processes represent hazards depends on when and where they are experienced. Discuss” Throughout this essay I will be discussing my view on the extent to which I think tectonic processes represent hazards depending on when and where they are experienced. My view is that the hazards caused by tectonic processes such as volcanoes and earthquakes are very much likely to have a bigger impact socially‚ environmentally and economically depending on where they had occurred
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Of all the naturally occurring events on Earth‚ earthquakes are among the most devastating and bring a lot of truth to the statement‚ “Just because something is natural does not mean it is not dangerous.” Earthquakes are one of the most natural things I can think of that can cause massive damage and loss of human live in many instances‚ and the effects are sometimes long term. “Nothing happens without a force. Many geophysicists accept the theory that continents move as a result of the forces
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Searching for a Natural Hazard Free Zone The environment of the earth is very delicate. While the strenuous acts of human life impose harmful conditions to the earth’s environment‚ there are natural hazards that can impose harmful conditions for human life. At any moment there are natural hazards that can occur on the earth. While some hazards are more predictable than others‚ all have the potential to have disastrous outcomes. Like the catastrophic tsunami of the Indian Ocean in December
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Geology Final exam Review EXAM 1 1. What is a mineral? A mineral is a naturally-occurring‚ inargonaic‚ crystalline solid with a definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties. 2. What are eight chemical elements that make up over 99 percent of Earth’s crust? Oxygen (O)‚ Silicon (Si)‚ Aliminum (Al)‚ Iron (Fe)‚ Calcium (Ca)‚ Sodium (Ca)‚ Potassium (Na)‚ Magnesium (K) 3. What are six fundamental geologic principles which are used in relative dating? Superposition‚ original
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Tectonics and Continental Drift Past and Present Locations Abstract When we look at our earth’s surface now it has seven continents‚ and five of them are divided by the oceans that surround them. In 1912 Alfred Wegner (1880-1930)‚ came up with a theory called the continental drift; stating that over three hundred years ago all seven continents were once one super continent called Pangaea. Wegner tried to convince other scientists and geologist for many years that the continents
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Cryocar Full paper DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY MADRAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CRYOCAR ABSTRACT Cryogens are effective thermal storage media which‚ when used for automotive purposes‚ offer significant advantages over current and proposed electrochemical battery technologies‚ both in performance and economy
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Evaluate how plate tectonics theory helps our understanding of the distribution of seismic and volcanic events. Plate tectonics is a relatively new science. It’s partially explained in the sense that we still don’t know fully about how the plates came together‚ what they were before they were the seven continents we know today. We already know‚ or have a theory‚ about what our world was like a long time ago and so if we already know that the plates can pull and push against each other‚ then surely
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(Wolfe‚ E. & Hoblitt‚ R.‚ 1999). Composite volcanoes‚ also called Strato-Volcanoes‚ are formed by alternating layers of lava and rock fragments (Oracle Thinkquest‚ 2011). The arc parallels the west coast of Luzon and reflects eastward-dipping subduction along the Manila trench to the west. Mount Pinatubo is among the highest peaks in west-central Luzon. Its former summit‚ at 1‚ 745 m [meter] elevation‚ may have been the crest of a lava dome that formed about 500 years ago during the most recent
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Origins and Characteristics of Mid-Oceanic Ridges Matthew Olson ABSRACT The theory of seafloor spreading emerged with the discoveries of Harry Hammond Hess. Ocean basins are expanding laterally away from a mid-oceanic ridge. Radioactive decay in Earth’s mantle causes convection cycles‚ which drive plate tectonics. Hot mantle rises and undergoes decompression melt due to change in pressure. New oceanic crust is created in a characteristic sequence. Studies of Ophiolites show a sequence
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