Capital Structure and Debt Structure* Joshua D. Rauh Kellogg School of Management and NBER Amir Sufi University of Chicago Booth School of Business and NBER February 2010 *We thank Doug Diamond‚ Anil Kashyap‚ Gordon Phillips‚ Michael Roberts‚ Toni Whited‚ Luigi Zingales‚ and seminar participants at Emory University‚ Georgetown University‚ Maastricht University‚ Rice University‚ Tilburg University‚ the University of California-Berkeley‚ the University of Chicago‚ the University of Colorado
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| Paired conjunctions | | | and … (too) | as just as | both … and not only … but alsoneither … nor | similarlylikewisein the same way | just likethe samealikesimilar tothe same asthe same (…as)equalequallyas well as …also too | COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS AND PHRASES * Sentence connectors connect two independent clauses. All sentence connectors may be used with a period and a comma between the independent clauses. Tokyo is the financial heart of Japan. Similarly‚ New York is the center
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McDonald’s Organizational Structure In 1940‚ Richard and Maurice McDonald opened the first McDonalds Bar-B-Q restaurant in San Bernardino‚ California. McDonalds offered hamburger‚ cheeseburgers‚ soft drinks‚ coffee‚ potato chips‚ and pie‚ which their big seller at that time was their 15-cent hamburger. McDonald’s achievement is constructed on the groundwork of personal and professional integrity. In 1955‚ a businessperson named Ray Kroc purchased the company from Richard and Maurice and began to
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conceptual framework of corporate and business ethics across organizations Structures‚ processes and performance ¨ Goran Svensson Oslo School of Management‚ Oslo‚ Norway‚ and Corporate and business ethics 21 Greg Wood Deakin University‚ Warrnambool‚ Australia Abstract Purpose – The objective of this paper is to introduce and describe a conceptual framework of corporate and business ethics across organizations in terms of ethical structures‚ ethical processes and ethical performance. Design/methodology/approach
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FOUNDATIONS OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: 1. Identify the six key elements that define an organization’s structure. 2. Describe a simple structure. 3. Explain the characteristics of a bureaucracy. 4. Describe a matrix organization. 5. Explain the characteristics of a “virtual” organization. 6. Summarize why managers want to create boundaryless organizations. 7. List the factors that favor different organization structures. 8
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Formal organization It is a fixed set of rules of infra-organization procedures and structures. As such‚ it is usually set out in writing‚ with a language of rules that ostensibly leave little discretion for interpretation. In some societies and in some organization‚ such rules may be strictly followed; in others‚ they may be little more than an empty formalism. * To facilitate the accomplishment of the goals of the organization: In a formal organization the work is delegated to each individual
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Organizational Structure An organization is a social unit of people‚ systematically structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships between functions and positions‚ and subdivides and delegates roles‚ responsibilities‚ and authority to carry out defined tasks. Therefore‚ in order to better manage the large amount of resources and assets organizations need to be in some sort of
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Creating a Competitive Salary Structure INTRODUCTION Each employee in an organization is paid a salary. Salaries vary greatly‚ with executives earning as much as (or greater than) 100 times an entry-level employee’s salary. This variation is not by chance. It is rationally established through a salary structure – a hierarchy of salaries. Organizations develop this structure based upon internal factors (such as current rates‚ job relationships‚ and custom) and external factors (such as labor
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Structure in 5 ’s: A Synthesis of the Research on Organization Design Author(s): Henry Mintzberg Source: Management Science‚ Vol. 26‚ No. 3 (Mar.‚ 1980)‚ pp. 322-341 Published by: INFORMS Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2630506 Accessed: 22/01/2010 02:03 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR ’s Terms and Conditions of Use‚ available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR ’s Terms and Conditions of Use provides‚ in part‚ that unless you
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Sharon Olds in "On the Subway" writes the poem to contrast the lives of a Caucasian woman and an African American boy. It displays how the narrator realizes the bonds they share because of their fear for each other. She starts off by describing the boy as they face each other. She says he has the casual look of a mugger while she’s wearing a fur coat making her seem like the victim. Here they contrast as him looking like a mugger puts him in the lower class. On the other hand‚ she wears a fur coat
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