Early River Valley Civilizations: Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) Egyptian Civilization - Nile River Harappan Civilization - Indus River Ancient China - Huang He (Yellow) River Mesopotmia Flat plain known as Mesopotamia lies between the two rivers in SW Asia(Middle East) . Because of this region’s shape and the richness of its soil(silt) it is called the Fertile Crescent‚ the rivers flood unpredictably. Sumerians were first to settle in this region‚ attracted by
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Mesopotamia land between the 2 main rivers called “fertile crescent” due to its rich soil. | Many harsh or punishing gods of nature. | *Mesopotamia cities were actually city- states. Led by the king.*The center of each city-state was the ziggurat (temple). | By 3200 BCE Sumerians invented cuneiform‚ a true writing system. They marked clay tablets with a stylus (sharp pointed tool). | India | India is so large that is often called a subcontinent. India’s main rivers are the Hindus and Ganges. In the southern
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Mesopotamia is a region known to be very fertile found in between two rivers‚ river Tigris‚ and river Euphrates. Mesopotamia has significantly contributed to the world’s culture because most things were invented in this place. The invention of tools like the wheel‚ which used rollers‚ allowed carrying heavy loads. The rollers and wheels eventually evolved to become the wheels we currently use in bicycles‚ cars and even in airplanes. People in Mesopotamia were also hunters and gatherers (The Phoenix
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Political Form(s) of Government Political Structures Courts/Laws Leaders/Elites Kingdom/Domain War/Conflict The government of the ancient Mesopotamians was an unusual form. There was a King and nobles who made the law‚ declared war and decided how to honor the gods. Then there was an assembly of the people who could overrule the king and say‚ “this is not a good law‚ get rid of it”. Mesopotamia was made up of city-states. It was one nation as a whole‚ but each city-state had it’s own government
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slaves. Same as china the lowest class were unskilled workers and slaves however China did not depended on slaves and the most important class on china was the leader and learning class. ! ! A marker event in the history of Mesopotamia was the sumerian invention of writing the earliest writing evolved as pictures turned into symbols then phonetic elements‚ the symbols on the tablets were in “cuneiform” or “wedge shaped” this was difficult to learn because in included several hundreds of sings
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Egyptian Architecture Due to the scarcity of wood the two predominant building materials used in ancient Egypt were sun-baked mud bricks and stone‚ mainly limestone but also sandstone and granite in considerable quantities. From the Old Kingdom onward‚ stone was generally reserved for tombs and temples‚ while bricks were used even for royal palaces‚ fortresses‚ the walls of temple precincts and towns‚ and for subsidiary buildings in temple complexes. The core of the pyramids came from stone quarried
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created all humans but were also controlled by the principle of maat‚ or order. Unlike followers of Mesopotamian religion‚ the Egyptians had a strong belief in the afterlife‚ which they expressed by building elaborate tombs such as the pyramids. The Sumerian afterlife involved a descent into a gloomy netherworld to spend eternity in a wretched existence as a Gidim (ghost). Egyptians believed that their gods had created Egypt as a sort of refuge of good and order in a world filled with chaos and disorder
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system of MESOPOTOMIA THEOCRACY- form of government in which a god is recognized as the civil Ruler MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION: Who settled first? Natufians at end of Ice Age Then who? Sumerians around 5000 BCE Then? Amorites‚ Hittites‚ Persians‚ etc. Meopotamian political system: Mesopotamia did NOT have a centralized government or leader but was made up of small city-states. Kings ruled their own city-states and the region was prone
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Mesopotamia and Harappan societies have long been compared throughout the history of archaeology. Mesopotamia‚ also known as‚ ’the land between the rivers‚’ was named for the triangular area between the Tigris and the Euphrates river‚ (Nov. 7 lecture). In recent use‚ it covers a broader area referring to most of what is now Iraq. This adds ancient Assyria and Babylonia to the scope of Mesopotamia (Schultz and Lavenda 1995:310). Parts of Mesopotamia were not inhabited at all until approximately 8000
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Civilizations in Mesopotamia Cumulative effects of agriculture + wave of technological changes around 4000 B.C.E. = generated civilizations as a new organizational form The process of agricultural economies = civilizations began in the Middle East. The Sumerians Sumer 1st river valley civilizations Major floods occurred Northeastern section along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers that lead to the Persian Gulf Rainfall is scant Generated large food surpluses = population growth and village expansion +
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