developed some of the very first technologies of the world we know today. The earliest known inhabitants of this civilization were the Sumerians; these people relied on the Tigris and Euphrates River and by that‚ eventually learned to cease the yearly flooding with the development of leeves‚ an embankment designed to prevent the flooding of the river. The Sumerians were also credited with inventing the first wheel in the world. Located just beyond the Nile River‚ Egypt‚ another ancient civilization
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ROME 1. Macedonian professional army-advantages included a wide range of specialists‚ strict discipline and elimination of large numbers of noncombatant servants 2. Battle of Chaeronea- ended Greek city state freedom once and for all. 3. Philip of Macedon-by his death he had installed his despotic rule throughout Greece 4. Alexander-was motivated by the desire for personal power and glory 5. Despotism-absolute power- of authority of rulers who represented themselves as at least semi-divine
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arose independently in many different places around the world. 5. Megaliths: A complex of stone structures in Egypt that included burial chambers‚ a calendar circle‚ and pairs of vertical stones that frame the sun on the summer solstice. 6. Sumerians: The people who lived in Mesopotamia at the start of the “historical period.” They were
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institutions & moneyB. Mesopotamia – land between two rivers1. One of 3 civilizations from scratch – Central America‚ China‚ Mesopotamia2. Farming required irrigation3. Sumerians 3500 BCEa. Cuneiform – scribes b. Sumerian art – frescoes for templesc. Science – astronomy – calendar/forecasts – aided agriculture1. Charts of constellationsd. Ziggurats – first monumental architecturee. Role of geography1. Swift and unpredictable floods – religious2. Polytheism – punishment of humans through floods – Noah3. Gloomy
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Art History Vocabulary Terms Form in speaking of a work of art or architecture‚ the term refers to purely visual component: line‚ color shape‚ texture‚ mass‚ value‚ space; all of which are called formal elements. Composition is the organization‚ or arrangement of form in a work of art. Style a particular manner‚ form‚ character of representation‚ construction‚ or expression typical of an individual artist or certain school period that makes the work visually distinctive. School of artist
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GILGAMESH IS FROM ANCIENT SUMER Gilgamesh is one of the oldest recorded stories in the world. It tells the story of an ancient King of Uruk‚ Gilgamesh‚ who may have actually existed‚ and whose name is on the Sumerian King List. The story of Gilgamesh‚ in various Sumerian versions‚ was originally widely known in the third millennium B.C. After a long history of retellings‚ this story was recorded‚ in a standardized Akkadian version‚ in the seventh century B.C.‚ and stored in the famous library
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Test Study Guide Terms Tribe – a tribe is a group of families. Patriarch – Patriarch--the dominant male leader of the tribe. Civilization – Civilization means: shared beliefs social and political organization art. Bronze – Bronze was an alloy of copper and tin. Cuneiform – cuneiform--meaning “wedge shaped.” Hieroglyphics – hieroglyphics--"sacred coverings.” Aton – Aton was a universal god who took the form of the sun disk. Yahweh – Yahweh---“He causes to Be” Moses – Moses
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Conception of gods with as having "two natures." An example of binaturalism is the Babylonian Tiamat‚ who is both a god and a thing (sea). * Syncretism: Adaptation of one culture’s mythic beliefs by another culture. An example is the Sumerian Inanna is the same as the Akkadian Ishtar. * Sphere of Influence: Areas with which gods are associated/have power. For example the Greek god Zeus is the god of rain‚ lightning‚ kingship‚ hospitality. * Primordial Waters: Waters
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Human civilizations all started out in much the same way. As climate changed‚ animals began to migrate and many humans decided to settle down instead of follow after the animals. These early humans settled down next to large freshwater sources. Watching the natural world around them‚ they slowly learned how to take seeds from edible plants and how to plant them again in a more accessible area. They learned how to plant crops. Overtime‚ as populations of these early humans grew‚ they began to grow
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Ancient Babylonia - History of Babylonia The once great city of Babylon‚ where the Jews were held captive for 70 years‚ became a symbol of power‚ materialism‚ and cruelty. The city of Babylon was the capital of the ancient land of Babylonia in southern Mesopotamia. It was situated on the Euphrates River about 50 miles south of modern Baghdad‚ just north of what is now the modern Iraqi town of al-Hillah. The tremendous wealth and power of this city‚ along with its monumental size and appearance
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