CHAPTERS 1 and 2‚ HUMAN ORIGINS AND EARLY CIVILIZATIONS THE ORIGINS OF HUMANKIND Competing Theories of Evolution and creation: (Theories) OUT OF AFRICA THEORY MULTI -REGIONAL THEORY THE GENESIS MYTH The Theory of Evolution * *Classifies humans as primates * *Explains that a crucial development occurred when the ape family differentiated into tree-dwelling types and ground-dwelling types (hominids) *Development of the Genus “Homo” Hominids: not found in the order they lived
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civilizations in Mesopotamia at the time (Mark‚ Definition). Believed to have been founded by the king Enmerkar sometime around 4500 BCE (Mark‚ Definition)‚ this great city was a pioneer for many things including; writing‚ irrigation‚ building of the ziggurat and the development of the cylinder seal (Mark‚ Definition). During the Uruk Period‚ between 4100 and 2900 BCE‚ several villages started to grow and become much larger and complex with Uruk
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“A global History of architecture” (New Jersey‚ John Wiley & sons‚ Inc.)‚ (2007) 32-34 Frankfort‚ H.‚ “The Town Planning Review‚” Vol 21‚ No.2 (1950): pp98-115 Ghirshman‚ Roman. “The Ziggurat of Tchoga-Zanbil.” Scientific American‚ 204 Issue 1(1961): 69-76 Hansen‚ Donald‚ P. “Royal Building Activity at Sumerian Lagash in the Early Dynastic Period”‚ The Biblical Archaeologist‚ 55‚ No. 4 (1992): 206-211 Leo Oppenhein. “The Mesopotamian temple” The Biblical Archeologiest‚ vol 7‚ No3 (Sep 1944)
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create a sort of stair way for the Egyptian kings to use to climb into the afterlife. The ziggurats of Mesopotamia were similar‚ the Mesopotamians thought that by building a temple on an elevated platform‚ the structure would be closer to the heavens and therefor closer to their religious ideal. It is widely believed that a ziggurat is a religiously important location for many cities and civilizations‚ a ziggurat is a base on which a temple would be set. The purpose of putting the temple on
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History of Agriculture * Late Epipaleolithic 12‚000-9‚600 BC * Younger Dryas 10‚800-9‚600 BC * Early Aceramic Neolithic 9‚600-8‚000 BC * Late Aceramic Neolithic 8‚000-6‚900 BC The history of agriculture is closely tied to climate changes‚ or so it certainly seems from the archaeological and environmental evidence. After the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)‚ the northern hemisphere of the planet began a slow warming trend. The glaciers retreated northward‚ and forested areas began to develop
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EXAM I VOCABULARY Paleolithic and Neolithic Vocabulary to Know: * Paleolithic – 40‚000-8‚000 BC Old Stone Age‚ mankind produced * Neolithic – New Stone Age 1. Comes about at different times at different locations due to ice age ending unevenly 1. Development of organized system of agriculture (replacing hunting gathering community) 1. Domestication of animals 1. Permanent architecture (year round settlements) * Iconography – pictoral representations * sculpture
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Harappa A large well and bathing platforms are remains of Harappa’s final phase of occupation from 2200 to 1900 BC. Shown within Pakistan Location Sahiwal District‚ Punjab‚ Pakistan Coordinates 30°37′44″N 72°51′50″ECoordinates: 30°37′44″N 72°51′50″E Type Settlement Area 150 ha (370 acres) History Periods Harappan 1 to Harappan 5 Cultures Indus Valley Civilization Site notes Condition Ruined Ownership Public Public access Yes Harappans is an archaeological site in Punjab‚ Pakistan‚ about 24 km
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land between the rivers" 1. Sumer a. Sumerians migrated to Sumer‚ 5000 B.C.E.‚ built irrigation networks b. Became dominant by 3000 B.C.E. c. Other inhabitants‚ mostly Semites - Akkadian‚ Hebrew‚ Aramaic‚ Phoenician 2. Sumerian city-states a. A dozen cities dominated the area from 3200 to 2350 B.C.E. b. Internal and external pressures promoted cities to become states c. Importance of government in irrigation and self-defense 3. Sumerian Kings a. Earliest governments: assemblies
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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY. APRIL‚ 2012. CONSTRUCTION IN ANCIENT BABYLON. ZIGGURAT OF UR‚ BABYLON. The earliest large-scale buildings for which evidence survives have been found in ancient Mesopotamia. The smaller dwellings only survive in traces of foundations‚ but the later civilisations built very sizeable structures in the forms of palaces‚ temples and ziggurats and took particular care to build them out of materials that last‚ which has ensured that very considerable
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Source: Strayer‚ Robert W. Ways of the World: a Brief Global History. Boston‚ MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s‚ 2009. Print. CHAPTER THREE: First Civilizations Cities‚ States‚ and Unequal Societies3500 b.c.e.–500 b.c.e. “Over 100 miles of wilderness‚ deep exploration into pristine lands‚ the solitude of backcountry camping‚ 4×4 trails‚ and ancient American Indian rock art and ruins. You can’t find a better way to escape civilization!” So goes an advertisement for a vacation in Utah’s Canyonlands
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