Proposition II states that higher debt does not affect cost of capital of a firm. The reason is that the lower cost of debt is offset by a greater cost of equity‚ which means investors demand a higher return on equity as a result of the higher risk coming with more debt‚ that holds the firm’s cost of capital unchanged. Based on the above proposition‚ moderate borrowing may not increase the return on equity. It is suggested that the firm’s capital structure (proportions of debt and equity) is irrelevant
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In conclusion‚ the original sample was used to collect different amounts of fraction. The original sample was Spirulina‚ which was spun down in a centrifuge before using. This process helps to separate the proteins from the tissues. Table 1 shows the amount of fraction collected from each sample. Based off the collected fractions‚ there is a larger quantity of yellow fraction present than the blue fraction. The yellow fraction remained in the filter for a longer period of time than the blue fraction
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CASE 6 Asian Journal of Case Research 1(2): 183 – 192 (2008) Tenaga Nasional Berhad’s Debt Woes NORDALILAH ABD AZIZa‚ ANNUAR MD NASSIRb*‚ AZHAR MOHD NASIRc‚ AND ABU SOFIAN YAAKOBd ABSTRACT Currently‚ as a result of global price escalation of coal and fuel/gas‚ TNB faced a challenging time dealing with increased operational costs as well as managing the existing high debt to support its daily operations. Because of these high borrowings‚ TNB was exposed to excessive financial risks in particular
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How Information Flows and is Used in an Organization Rafael Astolpho Information Systems Fundamentals/CIS/207 September 29th‚ 2014 University of Phoenix How Information Flows and is Used in an Organization Going through the three individual courses this week in regards to Data Storage‚ Security‚ Recovery and Disposal has given me a new set of eyes on how information flows and is used among an organization’s computer infrastructure. What I found amazing about these processes is just
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The United States was born in debt. Our nation from the first year in which we were created were in debt. The US started keeping track of our debt since 1790. In 1790 the US started with a 30% debt to Gross Domestic Product‚ with our actually debt in dollars at around 75 million. During this time period the Continental Congress did not have enough power of the country to tax. The Congress used different methods to try and pay the debt of the new country. One way was printing new currency which
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TABLE OF CONTENT I. ABSTRACT 1 II. INTRODUCTION 2 III. BACKGROUND 4 1. Definition of debt and equity 4 a) Definition of Debt 4 b) Definition of equity 5 2. Example of mix structure capital 5 IV. TECHNICAL SECTION 11 1. Debt Financing – Pros & Cons 11 a) Definition and Classifications of Debt Financing 11 b) Advantages of Debt Financing 14 c) Disadvantages of Debt Financing 15 2. Equity Financing – Pros & Cons 16 a) Definition & Classifications of Equity Financing 16
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Case Study: Enron Corporation Accounting Scandal 1. What is Enron Scandal? Formed in 1985 from a merger of Houston Natural Gas and Internorth‚ Enron Corp. was the first nationwide natural gas pipeline network. Over time‚ the firm’s business focus shifted from the regulated transportation of natural gas to unregulated energy trading markets. The guiding principle seems to have been that there was more money to be made in buying and selling financial contracts linked to the value of energy
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Explain why capital structure policy involves a trade-off between risk and return‚ and list the four primary factors that influence capital structure decisions. • Distinguish between a firm’s business risk and its financial risk. • Explain how operating leverage contributes to a firm’s business risk and conduct a breakeven analysis‚ complete with a breakeven chart. • Define financial leverage and explain its effect on expected ROE‚ expected EPS‚ and the risk borne by stockholders.
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Company 1 is the largest prescription pharmaceutical company in the entire world. They supply many ethical pharmaceuticals‚ which are supported by the budget of research and development. Company 2 is a well-diversified heath product company including products in non-prescription drugs‚ health and beauty products and medical diagnostics devices. Significant parts of their mass market oriented strategy include: management and brand development. By analyzing the financial ratios for company A and
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Napalm has been used in World War 2‚ but became famous in the Vietnam War. It was first used as a weapon against buildings‚ but later it became a weapon against other soldiers. Napalm was very effective against people‚ because it sticks to the skin and causes extreme burn wounds. Napalm is quite an inhumane weapon. When napalm was created in World War 2‚ it was used in flamethrowers. Later in World War 2‚ Napalm was put into bombs‚ which were dropped on targets. The U.S. Army used Napalm‚ because
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