African Kingdoms and Empires During 400 AD‚ West Africa witnessed the rise and fall of the indigenous medieval empires of ancient Ghana‚ medieval Mali‚ and Songhai. Many other states and kingdoms arose during this time but Ghana‚ Mali and Songhai achieved the status of fully-fledged‚ functioning and long-living conquest states and expansionist empires. These empires regulated the Trans-Saharan trade by offering protection for trade caravans as well as taxing slaves‚ gold‚ firearms‚ textiles and
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“VALMIKI MAHARSHI” Valmiki’s real name was Ratnakara. He was the son of Prachetasa‚ a sage. by profession. Before this Valmiki was a robber Later with the teachings of Maharshi Narada he became a Rushi. What is Valmiki - Valmika in Devanagari means “ant- hill” Once when he was a very young boy‚ he had gone to the forest playing and was lost in the forest. His parents An searched for him but could not trace him. They thought that the boy has been eaten by some wild animals. hunter and his
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ISSN 2277-8721 A STUDY OF MYTHOLOGY OF RAMAYANA IN RAJA RAO’S KANTHAPURA Dr. P.M. PATIL Member BOS in English‚ Shivaji University‚ Kolhapur Head‚ Department of English Arts‚ Commerce & Science College‚ Palus. Dist-Sangli . 416310.(M.S) ABSTRACT The most celebrated ancient heroic text of India is the ‘Ramayana’. It provided themes for important later literary works in Indian languages. The poet Valmiki‚ who lived around the 3rd century BC‚ put the Ramayana into form. This epic tells the story of
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PROCESS QUESTIONS: 1. DESCRIBE BRIEFLY THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN LITERATURE. 2. EXPLAIN THE ROLE PLAYED BY RELIGION IN INDIAN LITERATURE. 3. DIFFERENTIATE RAMAYANA FROM MAHABHARATA AS TO THE THEME. 4. HOW DO SEVERAL LANGUAGES AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN LITERATURE? 5. HOW WAS ENGLISH ACCEPTED AS LITERARY MEDIUM? GROUP THESAURUS’ ANSWER: 1. THE LITERATURE OF INDIA HAS ITS OWN UNIQUE DEVELOPMENT. AFTER THE RIG VEDA CAME THE BRAHMANAS WHICH WAS FOLLOWED BY UPANISHADS THEN REPLACED BY THE
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Ancient Ghana GEOGRAPHY Despite its name‚ the old Empire of Ghana is not geographically‚ ethnically‚ or in any other way‚ related to modern Ghana. It lies about four hundred miles north west of modern Ghana. Ancient Ghana encompassed what is now modern Northern Senegal and Southern Mauritania. Ancient Ghana in relation to modern west AfricaORIGINS Nobody is sure when Ghana came into being. But some time at the beginning of the first millennium AD‚ it is thought that a number of clans of
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The stories of Rama‚ and the short stories by Leo Tolstoy offer moral teachings to their audience‚ but from two different points of moral models. Ramayana portrays the romanized parts of mankind ‚ while the writings of Leo Tolstoy emphasizes the harshness of life. Each difference is depicted in the characters Sita (from Ramayana)‚ showing devotion and patience‚ and Ivan Ilych (from “The Death of Ivan Ilych)‚ that shows pessimism and following the standards of society‚ each character representing
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2. Ironworking in Africa The Bantu speaking people in three thousand B.C.E. to one thousand C.E. began to migrate south and east from where they originated‚ which was the Benue region‚ in Africa. For years to follow they migrated through the Savanna‚ implementing agriculture and ironworking‚ particularly iron smelting to other African tribes. Throughout their migration‚ they assimilated with the other inhabitants of Africa‚ sharing their language‚ agricultural innovations‚ ironworking skills‚ and
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Sita sings the Blues is an Americanized Indian epic of the Ramayana. It focuses on both the lives of the artist and Sita. Scenes around how both Sita and the artist where in love then went through a break up. I feel that Sita sings the Blues is a hybridization of Indian and westernized culture and art. Its American interpretation of the Indian culture. While this movie has good entertainment value‚ it’s not an entity accurate representation of Indian culture‚ but rather a surface level introduction
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November 22‚ 2013 GHIST101 Paper 1 Women in Classical China and India In the classical societies of China and India‚ women are viewed as second to men. Both societies agree that men are stronger‚ protectors‚ providers‚ and more authoritative than women. They also agree that women are inferior‚ delicate‚ gentle‚ and vulnerable than men. Generally‚ men had a higher level of independence than women‚ whereas‚ women completely depended on their husbands socially and economically. Even though
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without a devotion and love towards God we cannot bear the fruits of the religion‚ which are the qualities which that God possesses. Bhakti is a predominate theme seen in Hinduism (mostly after the Vedic times) especially in the Epics (Bhagavad Gita‚ Ramayana‚ etc.). We will discuss the path of devotion and how it is defined‚ practiced and brought out in Hinduism. In Vedic times‚ although there were many gods‚ the religion was very sacrificial and ritualistic‚ emphasizing more on the ritualistic aspect
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