found in the gut of endotherms (warm blooded organisms). Several types of E. coli exist as part of the normal flora of the human gut and have many beneficial functions‚ such as the production of vitamin K2. They also prevent harmful bacteria‚ known as pathogenic bacteria‚ from establishing themselves in the intestine. Most E. coli strains pose no harm to human health‚ except for serotype O157:H7‚ which can cause food poisoning in humans and can become life-threatening. Other less common serotypes
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biofilms When bacteria is threatened by antibiotics treatment that can kill them‚ or when a strong immune system responses to bacteria and produce cytokines or other agents to eliminate it from the body‚ Bacteria has the choice of either staying as individual and die or change their form to make biofilms. Biofilms are communities or bacteria binds together in large groups and make a sticky mesh to make themselves resistant against antibiotics. Some drug that can kill single bacteria will not be able
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course entitled ‘AP Macroeconomics‚’ I truly had no idea what the ‘macro’ in the word meant. Of course I knew the meaning of economics—it’s everywhere in these trying times of the economy‚ plus‚ it was a vocab word in middle school. Now that I’ve read Super Freakonomics‚ I have an understanding of what the prefix in the word actually means and I find it interesting‚ perhaps even a future career option‚ or major in college. This book made me think in different ways‚ ways that I never imagined to think
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made many skeptics question the effectiveness of these antibiotics and the frequency in which doctors prescribe them. Antibiotics are not a one stop cure for all illnesses. In fact‚ antibiotics are only effective on living things; this includes bacteria‚ certain fungi‚ and specific parasites. Antibiotics have absolutely no effect on viruses‚ which are not living diseases (2). It is widely estimated that nearly half of the antibiotics prescribed are ineffective due to the fact they are prescribed
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research shows the rise in antibiotic resistant pathogens through horizontal gene transfer. Located in the bacteria are plasmids. They are independent‚ self-duplicating‚ and allow bacteria to perform new functions/generate new products. Basically plasmids help their hosts to stop the action of antibiotics and become resistant. “Gene transfer must be integral and critical to the overall survival of bacteria‚ providing a way for them to adapt to difficult conditions” (Levy 2002‚ 83). Horizontal gene transfer
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and its relatives ..Sulfa drugs ..Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole ..Other bacteria killers..Nitrofurantoin ..Aminoglycosides ..Polymyxin B..Antivirals..What can we do about viruses -- if anything? ..Acyclovir ..AZT and Other Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors ..Protease Inhibitors ..Why you shouldn’t use antibiotics for a cold What are antibiotics?Antibiotics are medicines that help your body fight bacteria and viruses‚ either by directly killing the offending bugs or by weakening them
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effective against a wide variety of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Narrow spectrum antimicrobials are effective only against gram negative bacteria. Pros and cons of each: Narrow spectrum microbial is normally better to use because they cause less damage to the body’s normal flora. They are less likely to cause drugs resistant strains of microorganisms because they are specific in nature and are less likely to cause super infection by opportunistic microorganisms like yeast infections. The
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What is Food Microbiology Food microbiology is the study of food micro-organisms; how we can identify and culture them‚ how they live‚ how some infect and cause disease and how we can make use of their activities. Microbes are single-cell organisms so tiny that millions can fit into the eye of a needle. They are the oldest form of life on earth. Microbe fossils date back more than 3.5 billion years to a time when the Earth was covered with oceans that regularly reached the boiling point‚ hundreds
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were are creating superbugs that have adapted around our medicines and our bodies will be unable to fight these bacterias. Viruses are mutating and beginning to show up in the world again. Diseases such as Polio‚ Measles‚ and Rubella are reappearing and spreading rapidly. The more we use these medicines‚ the less equipped our bodies are to new viruses. Drug resistant bacteria has been a warning from officials for sometime now‚ yet no one seemed to take it seriously until recently. It was
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causing us not to be able to take pictures of our results. Conclusions: This lab was very interesting and very cool to preform because we talk about bacteria and its resistance all the time‚ but never get to actually see it. It was also interesting to understand the concept of bacteria becoming resistant and becoming part of that potential “super bug” category. Overall this lab was both educational and fun to observe. Lab Pictures for #10
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