Superconductivity Jaron Hartman In collaboration with Stefan Eccles Senior Lab Abstract: Superconductivity is the phenomena of a material to have an electrical resistance of zero when cooled to a certain temperature known as the critical temperature. The phenomenon of superconductivity was first observed in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes when cooling mercury down to a temperature of 4.2 K. Since then‚ many advances in the field of superconductivity have been made. In 1986‚ superconductivity
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room for improvement. In 1911‚ Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes first discovered superconductivity when he cooled mercury to 4 degrees K (-452.47º F / -269.15º C). At this temperature‚ mercury’s resistance to electricity seemed to disappear. Hence‚ it was necessary for Onnes to come within 4 degrees of the coldest temperature that is theoretically attainable to witness the phenomenon of superconductivity. Later‚ in 1933 Walter Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld discovered that a superconducting
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What is superconductivity? Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. When these materials are cooled to temperatures ranging from near absolute zero (-459 degrees Fahrenheit‚ 0 degrees Kelvin‚ -273 degrees Celsius) to liquid nitrogen temperatures (-321 F‚ 77 K‚ -196 C)‚ they have no electrical resistance. The temperature at which electrical resistance is zero is called the critical temperature (Tc) and varies with the individual material. For practical
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The electrical resistivity of a metal arises from the interactions of the conduction electrons with impurities‚ defects and the vibrating ions of the lattice. As the temperature is lowered‚ the amplitudes of the lattice vibrations diminish‚ so one would expect the resistivity also to decrease gradually toward a small‚ but finite‚ value determined by the impurities and defects. This behavior is manifested by many materials. In 1911 H. Kamerlingh Onnes discovered that as the temperature of mercury
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ceramics‚ can conduct electricity without resistance. These materials are what we call superconductors. In a superconductor‚ once the flow of electrons begins‚ it essentially goes on forever‚ making it an important material to humans. Superconductivity was discovered by a Dutch scientist by the name of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911. While researching properties of materials at absolute zero‚ this man found out that certain materials lost its resistance to the flow of electrons. For years to
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0-7503-0051-5. ^ a b J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Müller (1986). "Possible high Tc superconductivity in the Ba−La−Cu−O system". Z. Physik‚ B 64 (1): 189–193. Bibcode:1986ZPhyB..64..189B. doi:10.1007/BF01303701. ^ Adam Mann (2011 Jul 20). "High-temperature superconductivity at 25: Still in suspense". Nature 475 (7356): 280–2. doi:10.1038/475280a. PMID 21776057. ^ Pines‚ D. (2002)‚ "The Spin Fluctuation Model for High Temperature Superconductivity: Progress and Prospects"‚ The Gap Symmetry and Fluctuations in High-Tc
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to start the essay since Josephson Junctions are based on the superconductors. As a result‚ it can be used as a indispensable introduction of my essay. These information is great and brilliant. But it is too short. Although the mechanism of superconductivity is not very important‚ it should be longer to explain the mechanism more detailedly. Josephson‚ Brian D‚ "The Discovery of Tunneling Supercurrents (Nobel Lecture)” December 12‚ 1973 The lecture introduced how the Tunneling Suerpcurrents
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SUPER CONDUCTORS Superconductivity is an electrical resistance[->0] of exactly zero which occurs in certain materials[->1]below a characteristic temperature[->2]. It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes[->3] in 1911. Likeferromagnetism[->4] and atomic spectral lines[->5]‚ superconductivity is a quantum mechanical[->6]phenomenon. It is also characterized by a phenomenon called the Meissner effect[->7]‚ the ejection of any sufficiently weak magnetic field from the interior of the superconductor
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rarely used. Instead scientists use a different measurement called the Kelvin (K). The Kelvin scale for Cryogenics goes from 173 K to a fraction of a Kelvin above absolute zero. There are also two main sciences used in cryogenics‚ and they are Superconductivity and Superfluidity. Cryogenics first came about in 1877‚ when a Swiss Physicist named Rasul Pictet and a French Engineer named Louis P. Cailletet liquefied oxygen for the first time. Cailletet created liquid oxygen in his lab using a process
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A World Without Friction (603 Words)Although friction may seem like a minor issue‚ its absence would chance life as we know it. There would be many negative effects of this like not being able to gain traction on any surface and your ipods earplugs always falling out. Also‚ there would be many positive effects‚ such as eliminating the need for coolant in engines and lubricant in machines. Moreover‚ the absence of friction would be both bad and good. Without friction‚ many obvious things which we
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