A principle concern in the fracking debate lies over the content of the “fracking fluid.” This fluid is used to increase pressure in shale formations and cause fractures that increase permeability and allow greater access and capture of liquid natural gas or other hydrocarbon products that would be otherwise inaccessible or require numerous more wells be drilled (He‚ Li‚ Liu‚ Barbot‚ Vidic‚ 2014). This fluid consists of water and chemical additives such as‚ “ friction reducers to optimize flow characteristics
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Another concern with the potential contamination of drinking water wells from surface activities. Leaky surface impoundments‚ accidental spills‚ or careless surface disposal of drilling fluids at the natural gas production site could increase the risk of contaminating the nearby water well. Still more concerns involve the management of storage‚ treatment‚ and disposal of water produced in the fracturing process. Broader environmental
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Environmentally more friendly | Which enzyme(s)? | OxidoreductasesHydrolasesLyasesIsomerases | Which reaction system? | AqueousAqueous and water-miscible organic solventAqueous and water-immiscible organic solventPure organic solventOther solvents (supercritical fluids‚ ionic liquids) | Which ‘chemistry’ | (dynamic) kinetic resolution vs. asymmetric sunthesis?Cofactor free or cofactor-dependent enzymes | Organic chemistry is the science concerned with all aspects of organic compounds. It is a sub discipline
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Hydraulic Fracking Research Paper and Why the process of Fracking is bad for our environment Kimberly Ricker Park University Abstract This paper explores the hydraulic fracturing process‚ exactly what it is‚ what the fracturing process does to the earth and the surrounding environment in addition‚ to the consequences. Hydraulic fracturing is fracturing of rock by pressurization. This process by which oil and natural gas can be forced from the earth. The
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Filtration is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. Oversize solids in the fluid are retained‚ but the separation is not complete; solids will be contaminated with some fluid and filtrate will contain fine particles (depending on the pore size and filter thickness). Filtration is also used to describe some biological processes‚ especially in water treatment and sewage
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Inflammation is a protective response by the body towards cell injury‚ irritation‚ infection and can accumulate fluids with the following signs and symptoms: redness‚ warmth‚ swelling and pain. Inflammation is therefore the body’s way of attempting to remove the primary cause of inflammation and any damage that may have occurred as a result (healing and repair) (Drake et al.‚ 2007). Today numerous drugs are used to treat conditions of inflammation such as narcotics (opioids)‚ and non narcotics (salicylates)
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conventional technology. Recent advancements in Fracking technology have propelled America to the forefront of natural gas extraction. By this method‚ the shale rock is punctured with a high pressure fluid‚ causing it to rupture and allow the movement of petroleum and brine. After the fluid fractures the rock‚ the pressure is removed as well‚ and small pieces of aluminum oxide (hydraulic fluid) hold the fractures open. The shale rock‚ permeable to all natural gases‚ then is
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the world and it is primarily composed of clay and fragments of other minerals such as quartz and calcite. Shale can be the source‚ reservoir and the seal for natural gas. Shale formations normally have low permeability (limited ability for gas or fluids to flow easily through the shale formation) and normally require stimulation techniques (such as fracturing) to economically produce shale gas. Shale gas is natural gas that is attached to‚ or "adsorbed" onto‚ organic matter or is contained in thin
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Cataracts Subject: Solutions to the problem of Cataracts. Cataracts is a condition that affects the eye due to an opacity of the internal focusing lens that can cause visual impairment due to light not being able to reach the retina. It is due to irreversible structural changes to the order of the fibres that the lens is made from due to coagulation and denaturing of the lens fibres. [9] It affects image clarity and causes a decline in image detail. However it almost never causes complete blindness
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the ocean bed alone. It is because deposits found in the seams spread along the sea floor. Here‚ the hydrothermal vents eject rich concentrations of metals and minerals. The geysers found underneath eject fluids that exhibit temperatures greater than 600 degrees Celsius. The moment these fluids hit icy water‚ the minerals are precipitated‚ and they fall onto the ocean floor. The deposits are of greater value since they can yield up to ten times the minerals on land. They exist in the form of rocks
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