informal teaching has taught me over the period not to go in dark and vacant places and I have become extra cautious in such situations. The fear of the dark can be acquired through classical conditioning "There is not and never has been any convincing evidence for unconscious‚ automatic mechanism in the conditioning of adult human beings”. (Brewer 1974‚ p.27) The dark street is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) which is the environment accountable for the response. The unconditioned response (UCR) is
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knowledge base‚ sometimes reinterpreting these new experiences so that they will fit in with previously existing information. Conditioned response (CR) In classical conditioning‚ a response elicited by some previously neutral stimulus that occurs as a result of pairing the neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. In classical conditioning‚ the conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. For example‚
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can be thought of as consisting of three components: classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning‚ and cognitive-social learning. Classical conditioning is a basic form of learning in which an organism involuntarily learns to associate stimuli. A previously neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response that is identical or very similar to the unconditioned response. Classical conditioning is considered to be a main factor in prejudice because the behavior
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Compare and Contrast Key Perspectives in Psychology Psychology literally means the study of the mind‚ translated from Ancient Greek as psyche‚ meaning “mind” or “soul” and logia‚ meaning “study”. The most accurate description of psychology is that it is the science of mind and behaviour (Collin et al‚ 2011). Psychology evolved from philosophy and can be dated back to the time of Ancient Greek philosophers‚ such as Plato and Aristotle (325 BCE). Studying the nature of subjects such as the memory‚
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While social learning theory subscribes to an operant view that learning takes place as a result of direct environmental effects‚ it also accentuates that learning can also occur vicariously through observation of social‚ environmental effects of other people’s consequence (Bandura‚ 1969). “Behavior
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Psychological Questions: nature / nurture • What does intelligence define? • Why do we dream • Can babies think? • In what ways are all humans alike? Psych: • The scientific study of behaviors & mental processes o Bridges natural and social science Behavior: anything an organism does Mental Processes mental subjective experiences that we infer from experience o Evaluation of ideas. 8 psychological perspectives: • Neural Explanations: increase/decrease w/ neurons in the brain • Genetic
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known as Classical Conditioning (“Behaviorism”‚ 2011). Classical conditioning occurs‚ when a stimulus (possibly a conditioned stimulus‚ CS) elites and unconditioned response (US)‚ or a reflex. Conditioning stimulus (CS) is ignited through environmental factors‚ in Bill’s case the CS could be people cracking jokes‚ or incorporating humor during Bill’s speech can stimulate a natural response or reflex (US) such as shame‚ and embracement in Bill. According to classical conditioning‚ Bill’s phobia is
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to how people are expected to behave in a particular role or context while‚ social norms involve society ’s rules for what behaviors are considered appropriate. Attitudes can be learned in a variety of ways for example‚ advertisers use classical conditioning to influence an individual’s attitude toward a particular product. A television commercial will show young‚ beautiful people having fun on a tropical beach while enjoying a sport drink. Therefore‚ this attractive and appealing imagery may cause
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including abnormality – is learnt. It suggests that we have very few innate characteristics that we are born with. According to the behavioural model there are three ways in which we learn‚ these include classical + operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning is learning by associated‚ this is when we create a new stimulus response link by associating one stimulus to a response. For example little albert was conditioned to have a phobia of white fluffy objects. Psychologists
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insight or tool for teachers to improve their practice and ultimately promote inclusive learning for all students. Many examples of different teaching theories are evident across academic literature. Examples of these include Classical and Operant conditioning‚ Kolb’s learning cycle‚ Gagnes 9 events of instruction‚
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