Homework #1 Problem #1 Q: Use the supply and demand framework in the labor market to explain why employment has grown rapidly in the United States in recent decades while at the same time there has been a slowdown in real-wage growth. A: With the growth of both supply and demand in the US‚ we can see that the quantity of labor needed has increased. In the same time the wages have not increased that much‚ because if we have an increase in both supply and demand we will have a shift to the right
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Demand and Elasticity Linear demand curve: Q = a – bP Elasticity: E d = (ΔQ/ΔP)/(P/Q) = -b(P/Q) E d = -1 in the middle of demand curve (up is more elastic) Total revenue and Elasticity: Elastic: Ed < -1 ↑P→↓R (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 20%) Inelastic: 0 > Ed > -1 ↑P→↑R (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 3%) Unit elastic: Ed = -1 R remains the same (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 15%) MR: positive expansion effect (P(Q) – sell of additional units) + price reduction effect (reduces revenues because of lower price (ΔP/ΔQ)/Q)
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Aggregate Demand AGGREGATE DEMAND (AD‚ for short) = C + I + G + (X-M) • The aggregate demand curve is not focused on a single good or service. The AD curve is focused on overall demand for all final goods & services produced across the entire economy. • Determinants of Aggregate Demand: Although the shape of the AD curve is similar to the shape of a single market demand curve‚ its shape is based on entirely different principles from what we studied in Chapter 3. To elaborate‚
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interest rate rises. The supply and demand for loanable funds depend on the real interest rate and not nominal. Increase in saving = shift the supply of loanable funds to the right = reduces the interest rate. (graphique page 181) Increase in investment = demand for loanable funds increase = interest rise. Incentive to increase investment = increase in quantity of loanable funds demanded When the government has a budget deficit‚ the national saving decreases‚ so the supply of loanable funds decreases
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DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND The determinants of individual demand of a particular good‚ service or commodity refer to all the factors that determine the quantity demanded of an individual or household for the particular commodity. 1) INCOME Income is one of the factors that affect the demand for a given product. Normally‚ we expect that as one’s income rises (falls)‚ the demand for a product will rise (fall). Because we normally expect this to be true‚ a good for which this statement
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elasticity of demand In the real world‚ prices of different products vary day by day‚ however‚ the effect it has on the demand is a concept that is very important to understand. When a consumer has an ability or willingness to buy a certain number of products at a given price‚ it is known as demand. Elasticity of demand is the measure of change in quantity demanded of a product when there is change in factors that effect demand. There are 3 main types of elasticity of demand; Price elasticity demand‚ Income
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DEMAND FORECASTING Demand forecasting is the activity of estimating the quantity of a product or service that consumers will purchase. Demand forecasting involves techniques including both informal methods‚ such as educated guesses‚ and quantitative methods‚ such as the use of historical sales data or current data from test markets. Demand forecasting may be used in making pricing decisions‚ in assessing future capacity requirements‚ or in making decisions on whether to enter a new market. Knowledge
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DEMAND FORECASTING The Context of Demand Forecasting The Importance of Demand Forecasting Forecasting product demand is crucial to any supplier‚ manufacturer‚ or retailer. Forecasts of future demand will determine the quantities that should be purchased‚ produced‚ and shipped. Demand forecasts are necessary since the basic operations process‚ moving from the suppliers’ raw materials to finished goods in the customers’ hands‚ takes time. Most firms cannot simply wait for demand to emerge and then
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How to develop an Effective Scientific Retail Demand Forecast? Purpose of the Forecast The ability to effectively forecast demand is critical to the success of a retailer. In this hyper competitive environment of ever diminishing margins‚ every paisa saved or earned is critical. A robust demand forecast engine‚ can have significant impacts on enhancing both top & bottom lines. In today’s world‚ the retailers require forecasts that would be instrumental in directing the organisation through
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Demand for Corn If the demand for corn increases due to its use as an alternative energy source‚ the supply of corn substitute like soybean would decrease. This would happen because as the demand of corn rises‚ the price of corn would rise. Therefore the producers of a substitute like soybean would start producing corn instead of the soybean considering that they both have the same farmland. The producers of soybean will expect to make more profit by selling corn at a higher price assuming the cost
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