Information Sciences 173 (2005) 115–139 www.elsevier.com/locate/ins Investigating spoken Arabic digits in speech recognition setting Yousef Ajami Alotaibi Computer Engineering Department‚ College of Computer and Information Sciences‚ King Saud University‚ P.O. Box 57168‚ Riyadh 11574‚ Saudi Arabia Received 3 October 2003; received in revised form 18 May 2004; accepted 14 July 2004 Abstract Arabic language is a Semitic language that has many differences when compared to European languages such
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Lecture Intonation in English Outline 1. Intonation: definition‚ approaches‚ functions. 2. Components of intonation and the structure of English tone-group. 3. Sentence stress. 4. Rhythm. 1. Intonation: definition‚ approaches‚ functions. Intonation is a language universal. There are no languages which are spoken without any change of prosodic parameters but intonation functions in various languages in a different way. What is the role intonation plays in the language? Intonation
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stroke or hit. The structure of “Mid-term Break” is three-line-stanzas with the exception of the last line which stands out alone. Heaney describes his brother in “a four foot box‚ a foot‚ for every year”. The alliteration‚ the simplexes of the one syllable words and the abrupt ending emphasizes the sadness of the sudden death of a young child. The author uses many enjambments between lines and this gives the reader an impression of a person crying and talking at the same time
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diphthong is a phoneme consisting of two ("di" means two) vowel sounds that are "connected" or "linked" to each other. The diphthong starts out with one vowel sound and "glides" into the other vowel sound. These "vocalic glides" are always within one syllable. The monophthongs have a quite stable tongue position. The monophthongs can be either long or short. Some examples of monophthongs: /i:/‚ /ɪ/‚ /e/‚ /æ/‚ /Ʌ/‚ /ə/‚ /ɑ:/ Some examples of diphthongs: /ɪə/‚ /ʊə/‚ /ɔɪ/‚ /aɪ/‚ /eɪ/‚ /aʊ/
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fundamental frequency>pitch of voice‚ amplitude>intensity); c) the auditory (perceptive) aspect (physiological mechanism (ear>brain)‚ psychological mechanism (to remember phonetic similarities)); d) the functional (linguistic) aspect (phonemes‚ syllables‚ stress‚ and intonation>meaningful units (morphemes‚ words‚ utterances).
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David Toth Professor Toth English 102 August 21‚ 2008 Rhythm in “A narrow Fellow in the Grass” The basis of rhythm in poetry is meter‚ the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. However‚ sounds like rhyme‚ half-rhyme‚ alliteration‚ assonance‚ and consonance can also affect the way we place stress on words and phrases as do pauses created by punctuation. Sentence structure and the way a line ends affect rhythm as well. Michael Meyer tells us that poets use rhythm to “reinforce
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The Writing System Introduction The Persian alphabet‚ like the alphabets of many Muslim nations‚ is based on the 28letter alphabet of Arabic. It has 32 letters and is written from right to left. Four of these letters are devised exclusively for Persian. We shall see these letters later. The Persian alphabet does not use capital letters. It does‚ however‚ use a modified version of the Western punctuation system. Unlike the alphabet‚ the Persian numbers are written from left to right. Persian uses
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Cambridge CELTA Pre-Interview Task Name ______________________________________________________________________ Complete this task carefully. It is an important factor in considering your application. CELTA is an intensive four-week course of study. Because of this‚ candidates need to be fully prepared for the demands of the course and show that they are able to research language structures‚ a skill required of ESL teachers. Keep in mind that we cover language analysis on the CELTA course‚ so
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story) White board Target Language balcony‚ together‚ about‚ exhibition‚ photographer‚ computer‚ October Assumptions: Students will already know the target language but may have difficulty in pronunciation. They may put the stress on the wrong syllable or they may use the phoneme instead of /ə/ Anticipated procedural problems: CD fails to work Possible Solutions Read text from book for pronunciatio
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the four different extracts are all fairly different. For example ‘Text A’ uses pauses and stressed words. Pausing emphasises words‚ in this case ‘’.fat.’’‚ this emphasis could be used to excite or engage the audience. Speaker A also uses stressed syllable and elongated words for emphasis for example ‘‘light‚ fat‚ straight and boat’’. The emphasis is used to express certain words and in a way these words summarise the text and these words are what the audience will remember after the entire text. This
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