yayavaram@yahoo.com EMBEDDED SYSTEMS UNITS IV & V Interfacing methods The interfacing of an I/O device to an embedded system is always an important task. Generally interfacing means ‚ both the physical connections of the hardware devices and the software routines that effect the data transfer .Due to incompatibility in speeds of the microcontroller and I/O devices ‚there is always a problem in data transfer between two devices .This leads to a concept
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each having either manual or automatic transmission and either 2 or 4 doors. The following table shows the classification of 950 cars model. Model 2-door 4-door Automatic 135 351 Manual 251 213 If a car is picked at random from the fleet‚ calculate the probability that it is: (i) automatic‚ (2 marks) (ii) automatic or 2-door‚ (2 marks) (iii) manual and 4-door‚ (2 marks) (iv) 2-door given that it is manual transmission. (2 marks) 4. Consider a random
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* Set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single link * allows several transmission sources to share a larger transmission capacity Link = physical path Channel = portion of a link that carries a transmission between a given pairs of lines 2 CATEGORY OF MULTIPLEXING WDM FDM TDM ADSL Frequency Division Multiplexing * FDM – numerous signals are combined for transmission on a single communications line or channel. Each
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present in the VoIP system. The comparison of how the delay varied with network load showed that there was a directly proportional relationship. A quantitative result was generated for the amount of audio lost during a 17 minute (1022 seconds) VoIP transmission‚ which was calculated to be 4.4 seconds. In conclusion hypotheses are drawn regarding the future application of VoIP and factors that might affect its commercial success. CHAPTER 1: Introduction Voice over IP (VoIP) is a technology that has
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LECTURE 7 * What 3 things must be present for communication to occur? * Transmission media‚ data transmission‚ cooperation * Define Bandwidth * Amount of data can be transferred from one point to another in a certain time * Define attenuation * Loss of power in a signal as it travels from sending device to receiving device * What is a protocol and why is it important in electronic communication? * Rules governing data communication including error detection
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Encoding methods and Modulation schemes 25.P.1 Computers use digital signalling‚ digitals signals are represented by the base 2 numbering system “Binary”. Binary bits are shown as 1 or 0‚ where 1 means ON and 0 means OFF. In a network where digital devices exist‚ digital signalling will be used. Dependant upon the encoding method used‚ a high voltage on a communications medium can represent a logical 1 and a low voltage of can represent a logical 0. Different methods of encoding exist these
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project aims at providing a wireless information system that helps in transfer of information to the near by station immediately after the accident. The project consists of an accident identification system that can be placed in the car‚ information transmission system and information reception system. The information is also passed to the relatives mobile phone through GSM modem. The project also controls the theft of the vehicle. In case of theft‚ the exact location of the vehicle can
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leather-wrapped steering wheel. Three engines were presented for this generation. The first was a 2.4-liter four-cylinder that complete 154 hp (145 with PZEV emissions controls). It was reproduced to either a five-speed manual or a five-speed automatic transmission (four-speed prior to ’05) and must be powerful sufficient for the common of buyers. A 3.0-liter V6 that made 190 hp was also offered (18 hp less prior
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maintenance of the outdated vehicles are becoming environmentally unfriendly. In order for Amsterdam LLC to reduce greenhouse gases and reduce transportation costs‚ lower management has proposed purchasing new midsize vehicles with automatic transmissions that achieve at least 30 MPG. At the present time‚ executive management does not see the benefit of purchasing fuel efficient vehicles. Over the last three years‚ Amsterdam LLC has seen their rivals replace their outdated fleet with fuel efficient
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principle task of this project was to program the AVR microcontroller interfaced to a radio packet controller module (operating at a frequency of 433 MHz) which would enable us to wirelessly control the Robot. The communication protocols dealing with transmission and reception of data and wireless control of the TekBot have been successfully implemented. These details are discussed in this report. Report Approved by Project Advisor:_______________________________________Date:_____________ 2 Executive
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