ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION A substation is a part of an electrical generation‚transmission and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low‚ or the reverse‚ or perform any of several other important functions. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer‚ and its voltage may change in several steps. Substations may be owned and operated by a transmission or generation electrical utility‚ or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial
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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY‚ NORTHRIDGE WiTricity: Wireless Power Transfer A Graduate Project submitted in fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering By Pranit Yeole MAY 2013 The Graduate Project of Pranit Yeole is approved: _________________________________________________ Dr. Ali Amini ____________ Date _________________________________________________ Dr. Ahmad Bekir ______________ Date _________________________________________________
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require ordered‚ duplicate-free‚ multicast data delivery from multiple sources to multiple receivers. The advantage of RBPH over traditional multicast protocols is that it guarantees that a receiver in the group either receives all data packets from transmissions and retransmissions‚ or is able to detect unrecoverable data packet loss. RBPH is specifically intended as a workable solution for multicast applications with basic reliability requirements. Its central design goal is simplicity of operation with
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developments and research on the subject had been relatively new and information scattered‚ the lack of collective information had been the primary initiative behind this research. The advantages and benefits of using power line as the medium of data transmission at homes is investigated. Various standards and regulations are highlighted. Summary and comparisons are presented based on the findings of the research done at various European cities on exploring powerline
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Sliding Window Protocol Introduction: Sliding window protocol is used where a reliable transmitting of frame is required. It relies on packeting the frame queue to a definable window size which is provided to sender and receiver. Sliding window protocol defines maximum transmitter window size‚ Ws which is always one less than the sequence number. How transmitter window is defined: It is contains the data that are ready to be send. The lower limit in transmitter window which is waiting for
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can be achieved at the end-user level. In this paper‚ a framework and algorithm to coordinate this type of end-user control is presented. The algorithm is based on a layered architecture that would follow a chain of command from the top layer (transmission grid) to the bottom layer (distribution grid). At the distribution grid layer‚ certain local problems can be solved without the intervention of the top layers. A reactive load control optimization algorithm to improve the voltage profile in
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------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY ------------------------------------------------- EECS DEPARTMENT ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ASSIGNMENT 3 ------------------------------------------------- “PGCB is a single power supplier”
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[surface area volume] 6 1.2 6 Microscopy Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells – too small to see with the naked eye Two types of microscope: Light Microscope (LM) Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Microscopy In light microscope‚ visible light is passed through a specimen and then through glass lenses Lenses refract (bend) the light so that the image is magnified Three important parameters of microscopy:
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plays a big role. To have a correct comparison between different mechanisms of congestion windowing‚ simulation of data transfer and drop with different protocols & variants and the correct mathematical analysis of data transfer are must. Transmission Control Protocol is a widely used connection oriented transport layer protocol that provides a reliable packet delivery over an unreliable network. Several different variants have been developed in order to refine congestion control. In this
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HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY IN KERALA – Dr D Shina S N COLLEGE‚ Kollam‚ Kerala‚ India email - achushina@gmail.com ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY The history of electricity can be traced back to the eighteenth century. The first instance of sensing the phenomenon of electricity was the accidental observation of what was later found out to be neon glow by Framas Bauksbw in 1709 at the Royal Society in London. Luigi Galvani observed moving of the legs of a dead frog when touched with a metal scalpel
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