The lipase gene sequence from Alcaligenes sp. JG3 was translated into amino acid sequence using two methods‚ manual translation and ExPASy online software. By manual method‚ amino acid sequence was obtained via codon translation one by one as shown in Figure IV.7. The sequence reference used is the lipase from A. faecalis MOR02 due to having high similarity with the lipase sequence from strain JG3 during CLUSTAL alignment and the alignment of the deduced amino acid with the referred sequence was
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In this section we will analyze which steps were the most effective ones in recovering LDH (percent yield) and in purifying LDH (fold purification). As we can see looking at the Total Protein column on Table 3‚ the most effective step with regard to the percent of remaining protein removed was affinity chromatography because it was able to remove 98.6% of the remaining proteins. In comparison to 81.93% removed during the 65% ammonium sulfate precipitation and 81.3% during the size exclusion
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2.3. Method Development 2.3.1. Preparation of Stock Solution 100 mg of the synthesized compound was made up to 100 ml into a 100ml standard flask with ethanol to give a solution of 1000 μg/ml. 2.3.2. Determination of λ max 1 ml of stock solution was pipetted out was made up to 10 ml into a 10ml standard flask with ethanol to obtain strength 100 μg/ml and scanned at 200-400nm using a UV spectrophotome-ter (Deepak V Bageshwar et al.‚ 2010). 2.3.3. Preparation of Standard Calibration Curve Aliquots
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Organic Lab 2 February 14‚ 2009 Experiment 4: Borohydride Reduction of 2-Methylcyclohexanone Introduction: When learning about reduction reactions‚ we know that the addition of nucleophilic hydride anion (H-) to the carbonyl group will in turn result in the reduction of aldehydes to primary alcohols. Borohydride‚ and Lithuim aluminum hydride are commonly used as reducing agents. We can note that both of these reagents have a (H-) anion‚ hence it will be a powerful base and also take the
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The following paragraph describes the procedures and steps taken on day one of the experiment‚ which focused entirely on the synthesis of the isomer based on Protocol B. Certain chemical agents used on day one have both health and safety risks‚ specific details regarding these risks will be explained in more detail in the following procedures‚ but if unfamiliar with any of these
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Section 2 EXPERIMENT: DNA & Protein Synthesis Exercise 1 – Modeling DNA 1. List the four bases which are found in DNA. (1 pt) The four bases found in DNA are cytosine‚ adenine‚ guanine and thymine. 2. Fit any six nucleotides together to form a row‚ then list the six nucleotides in the order you used them. Work with your model pieces and try fitting the bases together to make a double strand as shown in Figure 9 of the lab manual. Which nucleotides form pairs
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The objective of this experiment was the synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate using an esterification reaction between acetic acid and Isopentyl Alcohol‚ using a strong acid as a catalyst. The product was washed‚ and distilled. This approach is called Fisher esterification‚ whereby esters are produced by the esterification of a Carboxylic acid where it is heated with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid which acts as a catalyst. The ester produced had a banana flavor. The extraction of the
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In the reaction mechanism‚ a carboxylic acid‚ m-toluic acid is used to synthesize N‚N-diethyl-m-toluamide‚ also know as DEET‚ through a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. The reaction begins by first converting the m-toluic carboxylic acid into an acyl chlorosulfite through a reaction using thionyl chloride. The carboxylic acid is converted into an acyl chloride because the acyl chloride is more reactive. In this step‚ hydrochloric acid is formed from a hydrogen on the carboxylic acid and a
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nanoparticles have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics‚ in therapies‚ as well as in devices that are used in several medical procedures. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. The problem with the chemical and physical methods is that the synthesis is expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. To overcome this‚ the biological method provides a feasible alternative. The major biological systems involved in this are
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At the beginning of the lab‚ a micro test tube with and without glass wool was weighed on an analytical balance. A watch glass‚ crucible‚ and lid were also weighed. The masses of all the materials needed for the lab were recorded in the data tables of the laboratory notebook. An unknown vial was obtained from the teacher and set to zero on the balance. About 0.6 grams of the unknown was measured into the micro test tube. The analytical balance was set to zero again and then the test tube with the
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