CRITICAL THINKING PSU LOGICAL FALLACIES Ad hominem or ATTACKING THE PERSON. Attacking the arguer rather than his/her argument. Example: John’s objections to capital punishment carry no weight since he is a convicted felon. Note: Saying something negative about someone is not automatically ad hominem. If a person (politician for example) is the issue‚ then it is not a fallacy to criticize him/her. Ad ignorantium or APPEAL TO IGNORANCE. Arguing on the basis of what is not known and cannot be
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Logical Fallacies Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning‚ defects that weaken arguments. At first they might seem correct. but if they are examined closely‚ it is obvious that they are incorrect. Critical thinkers recognize these fallacies in newspapers‚ advertisements‚ and other places so they can make good decisions in all areas of their lives. Here are some of the most common fallacies: Circular Reasoning: Supporting a premise with a premise‚ rather than a conclusion. In other words‚
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There are many informal fallacies that can be discussed but I have chosen to speak of Bifurcation‚ and the Red Herring Fallacy. Bifurcation is a fallacy in which you are given a situation and a choice to make. It tries to let one feel as though it is either of those options but in reality there could be many more. In a sense it is like not telling the complete truth. You don’t really lie because you didn’t actually give a false choice or statement‚ but you didn’t really give all of the information
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A fallacy is an error in reasoning‚ which differs from factual error in that errors are simply wrong about the facts. A fallacy can occur in any kind of discussion‚ argument‚ or reading. For the purposes of this paper‚ the fallacies discussed will pertain to arguments. A fallacious argument is an argument in which the premises given for the conclusion do not provide the needed degree of support (Atheism Web). Fallacies of distraction attempt to distract from the falsity of an argument by the
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CHEM 3125 Experiment 4: Multistep synthesis of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone Overall Synthesis: CHEMICALS: wk 1: thiamine hydrochloride (1 g/student)‚ 95% ethanol (8 mls/ student)‚ 2M NaOH (5 mls/student)‚ benzaldehyde (4 mls/student) wk 2: 95% ethanol (30 mls/student) wk 3: acetic acid (6 mls/student)‚ ammonium nitrate (1 g/student)‚ 0.1g/ml cupric acetate (1.5 mls/student)‚ dichloromethane (6 mls/ student)‚ 30% acetone in heptanes (3 mls/student)‚ 95% ethanol (20 mls/student) wk 4:
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Analysis‚ Synthesis‚ and Argumentative Essays The three types of essays mentioned in “Five Steps to a Five: AP English Language” are analysis‚ argumentative‚ and synthesis. An analysis essay is complied of different parts‚ it explains how the many parts can come together to produce a complete result. To have an argumentative essay you must acknowledge what you are defending and have sufficient and accurate information to support your claim. A synthesis essay should contain the main points of compared
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Critical Synthesis Urban Sociology introduced students to five seminal texts from the field. While studying cities (and their surrounding areas)‚ and their political‚ economic‚ and social institutions‚ it is important to understand the key themes covered in these books: contested space (both for the arenas of land development and redevelopments as well as for various geopolitical interests); residential segregation; poverty; inequality (and the roles that government agencies play in exacerbating
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Assumption and Fallacies Earlie Ames Critical and Creative Thinking Aug 12‚ 2012 Travis Zimmerman Assumption and Fallacies What is assumption? According to definition‚ assumption "mean a supposition on the current situation or a presupposition on the future course of events‚ either or both assumed to be true in the absence of positive proof‚ necessary to enable the commander in the process of planning to complete an estimate of the situation and make a decision on the course of action”
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In logic and rhetoric‚ a fallacy is usually an improper argumentation in reasoning often resulting in a misconception or presumption. Literally‚ a fallacy is "an error in reasoning that renders an argument logically invalid" It is important to use relevant‚ accurate‚ and reliable sources in a research paper. What do you need to consider when searching for useful sources? How do you know when sources are reliable? What are some warning signs that indicate you should avoid a particular source
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Synthesis Paper Dawn I Gaunt Introduction to Graduate Studies 5093 3 October 2014 Social and natural sciences differ dramatically‚ but they both play very important roles. Social sciences are concentrated on the human response to the environments that we ourselves have created and the natural environment. Social science experiments‚ which are documented by human observation‚ provide no absolutes due to their methods of data collection and analysis. The observations‚ the sample groups‚ and
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