Identifying sites of protein synthesis in Chlamydomonas using erythromycin and cyclohexamide as protein synthesis inhibitors. October 16‚ 2009 Introduction: In living cells‚ prokaryotic or eukaryotic‚ the synthesis (construction) of proteins is accomplished by similar machinery. Amino acids‚ ribosomes‚ messenger RNA (mRNA)‚ and transfer RNA (tRNA)‚ are all necessary for the building of functional proteins in a cell. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in a cell‚ and there are two
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Synthesis of DEET Abstract: For this experiment m-toluic acid was reacted with thionyl chloride resulting in a nucleophilic acyl substitution which could then be used to create DEET with excess diethyl amine (Figure 1). This was done by adding diethyl amine drop wise using a seperatory funnel which resulted in a gas formation which was controlled with a condenser attached to a gas vacuum. The resulting mixture was then washed to remove excess acids and bases and rotovapped. DEET was synthesized
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Gringard Synthesis detailed procedure and scheme of the apparatus any changes to the original procedure‚ actual masses‚ and obs yield calculations and mp Discussion outline Grignard rxn (what is it used for‚ why important‚ the mechanism) Reaction set up (important details) How can the rxn be activated Second step: rxn of the Grignard reagent with acetophenone‚ quenching with ammonium chloride Isolation of the product‚ identification Possible or actual sources of error Part one of our experiment
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A Synthesis of Safrole and o-Safrole W.H. Perkin & V.M. Trikojus J. Chem. Soc. 1663 (1927) HTML by Rhodium No direct synthesis of safrole has been recorded‚ the most recent attempt being that of Baker and Robinson (JCS‚ 1925‚ 127‚ 1424)‚ who distilled the product of the action of silver oxide and water upon gamma-piperonylpropyltrimethylammonium iodide‚ but obtained isosafrole‚ the double bond moving into the position of greater stability. Kawai (Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res.‚ 1925‚ 3‚ 263)
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Abstract Introduction The acylation of the α carbon position of a carbonyl group is one of the greatest breakthroughs that has benefited chemists in organic synthesis particularly when in need of building a carbon skeleton of interest in a molecule. For one to be able perform this acylation technique‚ there are two mar approaches which are employable. The first method involves the deprotonation of the α-Carbon atom which has a pKa known to be ̴20 through the use of a strong base for instance
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Synthesis of Cyclohexanol Author: Ahmed Ayyash 06/06/13 Introduction: In this experiment‚ cyclohexanol was prepared from an initial cyclohexene. However‚ this occurred over a number of steps‚ these are out lined below. 1. Cyclohexene + aqueous acid cyclohexyl cation 2. cyclohexyl cation + hydrogen sulphate + water protonated cyclohexanol + cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate 3. cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4 4. protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4
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The Synthesis of Aspirin Chemistry Standard Level Lab Report Data Collection and Processing and Conclusion and Evaluation Date: December 8th‚ 2011 Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to synthesize aspirin‚ determine the theoretical yield‚ compare the percent yield to the theoretical yield and test the purity of aspirin by adding Iron (III) chloride to the product. Hypothesis: I hypothesize that salicylic acid will react with acetic anhydride to produce acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
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slightly higher than the H-O-H bond angle in water because of the stronger electron repulsion between the bulky alkyl groups. Preparation of Ethers: 1. Preparation of symmetrical ethers from alcohols H2SO4 R O R + H2O 2ROH 2. Williamson Ether Synthesis R O Na - - + + + R’X R O R’ + NaX Ar O Na + RX Ar O R + NaX Involves a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Halide ion is displaced by the alkoxide or phenoxide ion. Gives best results when 1o alkyl halides are
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called p- Nirtoanoline. P-Nitroaniline is commonly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes‚ antioxidants‚ pharmaceuticals and gasoline. P-Nitroaniline is also used in gum inhibitors‚ poultry medicines and as a corrosion inhibitor. [2] Nitration is a type of chemical reaction which a nitro group is added to or substituted in a molecule. It can be carried out by a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Mixture is useful to obtain the active nitronium ion. Electrophilic aromatic
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Sucrose Synthesis by D. DeWitt‚ PhD v1.5 11/10/12 Introduction | Condensation Reaction | Plant Synthesis | A. Introduction Although it might seem straight forward‚ the synthesis of sucrose‚ either as a simple condensation reaction (a.k.a. dehydration synthesis)‚ or what actually happens in plants is complicated. Before we explore sucrose’s creation‚ let’s take a look at its structure. In Figure 1‚ the space-filling model is pretty but rather useless at this point in our journey. We
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