Traditional way of synthesizing sensitive rhodamine starts with rhodamine B‚ amino compound‚ and some alkali additive in the presence of weak base. However‚ for RH-PY‚ the stearic hindrance of pyrene slows the reactivity‚ and the reaction does not go to completion. Therefore‚ the reaction procedure was modified as follows. First‚ HATU and DIPEA were used to activate the carboxyl group of rhodamine B‚ then the activated rhodamine B was reacted with 1-aminopyrene. By introducing this method‚ the reaction
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multi-step process that involved the synthesis of three intermediates – diethyl n-butylmalonate‚ potassium n-butylmalonate‚ and n-butyl malonic acid respectively. An IR was used to characterize the starting material‚ n-bromobutane‚ and the first intermediate‚ diethyl n-butylmalonate; while IR and NMR were used to characterize the final product‚ caproic acid. Reactions‚ Mechanism and Theory Caproic acid a.k.a n-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid derived from hexane which has the general formula
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Presidential debates‚ from the start have always been a pretty big hit on the television but ever since 1988‚ the debates ratings have been below 40. I think that this is because more interesting television programs have come out and people got tired of watching debates. Television is very important to presidential elections because most people would not travel all the way to a far away city just to see a speech and then go home‚ rather‚ they can see the whole thing from their television. Even
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the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence. Involves a methylation composition that affects the communication and response between cells and DNA. We all know DNA is your genetic makeup passed down from generation to generation. However‚ our DNA is intertwined with a protein known as histone. The bond between histones and DNA can vary along the DNA strand. This is caused by mythol group composition that cause the histones and DNA to coil more tightly
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Neuroplasticity is the process where the brain learns to acquire new skills or adapt to different experiences. It is a useful component for the mental capacity of a human being especially during their performances in the day to day lifestyles. This process involves changes in the brain where it includes replacement of injured tissues leading to an addition of neurons in the brain. After that‚ the reorganization of the information processing areas within the brain systems occurs. Whenever a brain
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For centuries the people that currently reside some where in The United States are fully adapted to the use of the penny and its factors. By eliminating the penny from the economy would shake the daily lives of many causing tensions and would force citizens to fully adapt again because as it says in the article‚ Penny Pinchers‚ if the penny is eliminated the “rounding off “of “prices to the nearest nickel” would
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9/13/12 Mrs. Braha Period 1 Personal Essay Pushing yourself and always striving for achievement is not an easy thing to accomplish. Never taking the simple route in life and always working hard to become the strongest person possible takes a lot of hard work and devotion. In my life‚ hard work and perseverance have been the only paths to success. This is why people that know me well would describe me as a dedicated human being. I work diligently in school to maintain high
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The nonmutated form of DMPK functions in the production of protein kinase serine; this enzyme plays a role in intracellular communication and in the regulation of myosin phosphate. When DMPK is mutated‚ the proteins CUG-BP1‚ MBNL1 and INSR are displaced causing the splicing of troponin pre-mRNA which causes malfunctions in the cardiac conduction system‚ dominance of a chloride channel that causes myotonia‚ dominance of an insulin receptor that affects the sufficiency of insulin‚ and dominance of
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glutamate compete to bind to the antiporter so increased levels of glutamate reduce the amount of cystine entering the cell. Cystine is a precursor for intracellular glutathione which has multiple functions within the cell‚ notably protection to the cell from oxidative damage and a direct effect on K+ conductance which
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drug describes the journey of a drug through the body i.e. its absorption‚ bioavailability‚ distribution‚ metabolism and excretion. Opioids are substances (endogenous or synthetic)‚ which produce ‘opiate-like effects’. Opiates are alkaloids derived from the Papaver somniferum poppy e.g. Morphine‚ Codeine (a morphine-like agonist) and Methadone (a synthetic analogue of morphine) and are primarily used as analgesics.[1] Discussion: Morphine has a 4-ring structure with a tertiary nitrogen (permits anchoring
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