Social scientists have studied it‚ lawyers have tried to fix it and post-feminist society is over it. But women are still outnumbered by men in math‚ science and engineering fields. Most overt discrimination against women in the sciences has been reduced or eliminated in recent decades through legal‚ academic‚ corporate and government measures. But a climate that is less than fully friendly to women remains‚ and its texture is often still so taken for granted that it tends to be invisible. The
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Purpose: To synthesize 1‚2‚3‚4-tetraphenylnaphthalene through a two-step synthesis. The aldol condensation reaction between benzil and dibenzyl ketone forms 2‚3‚4‚5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone‚ which then reacts with a benzene formed by anthranilic acid and isoamyl nitrate in order to yield 1‚2‚3‚4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reaction Equation A: Synthesis of 2‚3‚4‚5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone: A solution of 4 capsules potassium hydroxide (0.5g) and 5mL anhydrous ethanol was prepared
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between a carboxylic acid and an ester. Carboxylic esters‚ like isopentyl acetate‚ are normally used to create artificial flavors. In the preparation of isopentyl acetate‚ esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol occurs. Esterification is an equilibrium shift to the product side using an excess of one of the starting components. In this experiment‚ the excess reagent is acetic acid because it is not expensive and can easily be removed for the reaction. The acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol
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Microwave Synthesis of 5‚10‚15‚20- Tetraphenylporphyrin Abstract: In this green chemistry experiment of 5‚10‚15‚20-tetraphenylporphyrin was synthesized from benzaldehyde and pyrrole. using microwave irradiation to heat the reactants.‚ The liquid reactants are absorbed on a solid support‚ silica gel‚ which acts as a Lewis acid catalyst to facilitate the reaction. The reaction forms a porphyrinogen‚ which is then oxidized to the porphyrin product by atmospheric oxygen. Column chromatography is performed
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Jewellyn G. Diola; ladyjewellyndiola@yahoo.com Abstract Synthesis of 3‚4-dihydro-3-(p-methylphenyl)-1‚2-(2h)-benzoxazine involves the nucleophillic addition of the 1 °amine group upon the carbonyly group of the salicylaldehyde‚ the reduction of imine to amine and the addition of paraformaldehyde to proceed ring closure. The experiment prepared the product through Mannich reaction‚ a multicomponent condensation synthesis between ketone‚ aldehydes‚ enols and amines. Biosynthesis of benzoaxazines
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Experiment 2 and 3: Synthesis of Aspirin and Determination of Melting Point A. Abstract Aspirin is the common name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid‚ widely used as a fever reducer and as a pain killer. The first part of the experiment aims to synthesize aspirin from the reaction of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride with the aid of phosphoric acid as a catalyst. The second part of the experiment aims to assess the purity of aspirin through the determination of its melting point and
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Abstract Oxidation was found for primary alcohol. When 6 drops of potassium dichromate and 1 drop of concentrated sulfuric acid were added to 1-pentanol‚ the color of 1-pentaol turned into dark green. In second experiment‚ precipitation was found when 6 drops of 2‚4-dinitrophenylhydrazine were added to both 5 drops of benzaldehyde and 5 drops of acetophenone. Based on these data‚ it is possible to find alcohol by oxidation and aldehyde by observing precipitation Introduction This experiments
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Identifying sites of protein synthesis in Chlamydomonas using erythromycin and cyclohexamide as protein synthesis inhibitors. October 16‚ 2009 Introduction: In living cells‚ prokaryotic or eukaryotic‚ the synthesis (construction) of proteins is accomplished by similar machinery. Amino acids‚ ribosomes‚ messenger RNA (mRNA)‚ and transfer RNA (tRNA)‚ are all necessary for the building of functional proteins in a cell. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in a cell‚ and there are two
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Synthesis of DEET Abstract: For this experiment m-toluic acid was reacted with thionyl chloride resulting in a nucleophilic acyl substitution which could then be used to create DEET with excess diethyl amine (Figure 1). This was done by adding diethyl amine drop wise using a seperatory funnel which resulted in a gas formation which was controlled with a condenser attached to a gas vacuum. The resulting mixture was then washed to remove excess acids and bases and rotovapped. DEET was synthesized
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Synthesis of Acetanilide By: Rick Whitely April 9‚ 2013 Organic Chemistry Lab 1; Professor J. Hutchison Recrystallization is a common method of purifying organic substances through the differences in solubility at different temperature. In this experiment‚ acetanilide was produced by acetylation of aniline with acetic anhydride. The crude acetanilide was dissolved in a solvent in a heated water bath. The solution was cooled slowly in an ice bath as crystals form out. As the compound crystallizes
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