is associated with lactase persistence is the located upstream of the LCT gene. In this mutation a single nucleotide polymorphism changes a cytosine into a thymine that then can be detected using the polymerase chain reaction technique (Biology 225 lab manual‚ S2017). In this experiment amplification Refractory Mutation System PCR was used to detect this nucleotide change. Two primers were used in two different PCR reactions‚ one to detect the wild type allele and the other to detect the mutant allele
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follows a semi microscale technique even a small amount of lost product yields a great loss in the yield 4. These sources of error could be minimized by doing a larger reflux in order to increase the yield. However‚ as the purpose was to simply synthesis SnI4 in order to identify the stable oxidation states (the melting point range requires very little product) it would be advantageous to use the current method. This is due to the smaller quantity of materials needed for this type of reflux‚ thus
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A small amount of the unknown (approximately the tip of the spatula was used for all the pigments) was added into each clean dry test tube. For the first test 1 mL of 3 M of HNO3 was added. As soon as the acid came into with the solid‚ the pigment was observed to dissolve while also turning the solution into a pale clear colour. The same amount was used for the HCl reagent. As soon as the acid touched the pigment it yielded in a clear solution (solid dissolved after a few shakes). When the KI was
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synthesised is only 67%-70% and a maximum 70% yield of ester usually is not considered to be acceptable for a synthesis reaction‚ instead it is considering as a poor yield of ester. The synthesised ester can only have a maximum yield of 70% because for ester in which the carboxylic acid and alcohol are sterically unhindered‚ a same ratio mixture of carboxylic acid and alcohol can only synthesis ester with a maximum yield of 70% ester as the reaction with the same ration of mixture will reach a state
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As shown in the balanced chemical reaction in figure 1‚ Felbinac is synthesized from 4-bromophenyl acetic acid‚ phenylboronic acid‚ and 10% Pd/C. Figure 1: The balanced chemical reaction showing the synthesis of felbinac. It functions by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1‚ which releases prostaglandins that cause pain as a response to injury. In a study conducted by Moore et al.‚ 160 patients were subject to various topical NSAIDS to determine their effectiveness
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TRANSCRIPTION: Transcription is the process of which DNA matches corresponding RNA bases‚ Transcription is located in the Nucleus‚ and the only type of RNA that is involved in Transcription is mRNA‚ and the purpose is so that the code can get out of the Nucleus‚ mRNA is also made through Transcription‚ It also takes information that doesn’t directly make proteins but it helps makes codes for the production of proteins‚ DNA Transcription consist of 4 nucleotide bases‚ Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Cytosine‚ Guanine
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If I want to target the peptide to different compartments‚ I would use specific signal sequences or uptake-targeting sequences encoded into my peptide. Signal sequences contain information that will target the peptide to a particular organelle. The information is usually encoded within amino acid sequences of the protein itself‚ usually within the 20-50 amino acids. Also‚ each organelle has specific set of receptors that bind only to the specific signal sequences‚ thus making sure of target specificity
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In this lab we employed various assays utilizing a biuret reagent‚ coomassie brilliant blue reagent‚ and ultraviolet light in order to determine the identity of six unknown solutions and the concentration of a bovine serum albumin sample. We were given three samples that lacked protein‚ and three samples containing proteins‚ and using a spectrophotometer we assessed the amount of light absorbed versus the light transmitted‚ based on the principles of the Beer-Lambert Law. The three proteins used
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Every cell‚ whether it belongs to a plant‚ bacteria or a human‚ requires energy from varying food sources to survive. However‚ when cells break down food into its sugar components‚ i.e glucose‚ they cannot use the components directly because glucose holds a lot of energy it would be inefficient to use for reactions that don’t need a lot of energy. Imagine you want to buy pencils for $5 from a store that won’t give change‚ it is more economical to use a $5 or $10 bill than a $100‚ that way there is
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High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Aspirin Problem: Was aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) successfully synthesized? Are there impurities or by-products present in the synthesized aspirin? How pure is the synthesized aspirin? Introduction: In the last experiment‚ aspirin was synthesized followed by characterization of the product using several different techniques. Melting point was a test that provided information about the identity and purity of the aspirin product. The iron(III)chloride
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