this experiment‚ you will • Use Hess’s law to determine the enthalpy change of the reaction between aqueous ammonia and aqueous hydrochloric acid. • Compare your calculated enthalpy change with the experimental results. [pic] Figure 1 MATERIALS |LabQuest |2.0 M hydrochloric acid‚ HCl‚ solution | |LabQuest App
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______________________ Evaluation of the Gas Law Constant Objectives In this experiment‚ we will determine the Ideal Gas Constant‚ R‚ which relates the number of moles of gas present to its volume‚ pressure and absolute temperature. Background To see how "R" was derived‚ we must look at the proportionalities defined by the other fundamental gas laws. For example‚ Charles’ Law showed us that the volume of a gas sample is proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure. Thus V ∝ T abs . In addition
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Introduction The purpose of this lab is to synthesize Lidocaine from 2‚6-dimethylaniline‚ using diethyl amine‚ 2-chloroacetyl chloride‚ acetic acid‚ and toluene. The Lidocaine was made by adding 2‚6-dimethylaniline to 2-chloroacetyl chloride in acetic acid. Sodium acetate is added in order to make the compound soluble. The product is dried‚ then treated with diethyl amine and toluene. This is refluxed using a water-cooled reflux condenser. The vapor is condensed by the cold water as the compound
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Acids And BAses Acids And BAses 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Theories of acids and bases Properties of acids and bases Strong and weak acids & bases The pH scale Calculations involving acids and bases (AHL) Buffer solutions (AHL) Salt hydrolysis (AHL) Acid-base titrations (AHL) Indicators (AHL) 8 8.1 THeORies OF Acids And BAses 8.1.1 Define acids and bases according to the Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis theories. 8.1.2 Deduce whether or not a species could act as a Brønsted–Lowry
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Since I was young‚ I have striven to achieve my goals; I call it a "determination to succeed." Without a "determination to succeed‚" giving up in life‚ when a situation seems impossible to overcome‚ becomes second nature. The methods one uses to overcome the challenges faced in life affects how one acquires success. For example‚ my ancestors did not overcome their struggle for equality without self-determination to better their lives. Thus‚ their lives have been an inspiration for me. The motivation
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EXPERIMENT 1 DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT IN VITAMIN C TABLETS INTRODUCTION To calculate the mass of the ascorbic acid and hence the mass percentage of ascorbic acid in the vitamin C tablet. PROCEDURES (Refer to Lab Manual) 1. Accurately weight vitamin C (effervescent type) in a 50 ml beaker. Add about 30 ml of deionised water to dissolve the vitamin C tablet. Once the tablet has dissolved completely‚ transfer the solution into a 250 ml volumetric flask via a plastic filter
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product) x 100 Eq 4 = (0.127 g/0.188 g) x 100 = 66% recovery Theoretical Yield Benzilic Acid: Eq 5 Theoretical Yield Benzilic Acid | 0.109 g | Final Benzilic Acid | 0.060g | Percent Yield | 55% | Table 2: Final weight and percent yield of benzilic acid | Degrees Celsius | Crude Benzil | 82.5 – 85.6 | Final Benzil | 94.2 | Final Benzilic Acid | 148.3 | Table 3: Melting Points Wavenumbers (cm-1) | Functional groups | 1593 | Aromatic | 3065 |
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Amino Acids Glycine is the smallest of the amino acids. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. In aqueous solution at or near neutral pH‚ glycine will exist predominantly as the zwitterion. Alanine is a hydrophobic molecule. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. The α carbon of alanine is optically active; in proteins‚ only the L-isomer is found. Serine differs from alanine in that one of the methylenic
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Introduction: Acid rain has proven to be a big problem for Connecticut. It has had a great impact on builders‚ wildlife‚ and the water sources. Acid rain has many components in it such as pollutants from plants to sulfuric acid from burning coal. Problem: Which stone is the most resistant against acid rain? Hypothesis: If we test the different stones against acid rain then red sand stone would be the best because it is heavier and cannot be easily broken. Independent variable: Type of stones
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Common Aspects of Acid Prehydrolysis and Steam Explosion for Pretreating Wood Hans E. Grethlein Michigan Biotechnology Institute‚ PO Box 27609‚ Lansing‚ Michigan 48909‚ USA & Alvin O. Converse Thayer School of Engineering‚ Dartmouth College‚ Hanover‚ New Hampshire 03755‚ USA Abstract The initial rate of hydrolysis using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei for various wood samples is directly proportional to the surface area available to the enzyme. Both dilute acid hydrolysis in a continuous
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