Chapter 9 The World of Plastics and Polymers Overview • Plastics are all around us – Polymers‚ materials whose molecules consist of long chain of atoms • Natural • Synthetic • Use of material and impact on economy‚ lifestyle‚ and leisure – Word plastic to some carry connotation “cheap” or “tacky” – Synthetic polymers revolutionised modern life • eg plastics become important in automobile industry‚ some new plastics stronger than steel and resist corrosion‚ less dense than structural
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plastics in food packaging. Due to its reinforcing properties‚ nanocellulose can also be used in bio-composites and other matrix materials. 6.9 Concluding remarks Natural fibres‚ cellulose and other constituents of natural fibres are very promising materials for the future‚ having the capability to replace current synthetic materials. with the rapid developments in nanotechnology‚ nanocellulose brings many new insights to the materials world‚ such as its modulus value of 160 GPa‚ which is much
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skin‚ textiles‚ and other solids. The seemingly simple process of cleaning a soiled surface is‚ in fact‚ complex and consists of the following physical-chemical steps: Wetting of the surface and‚ in the case of textiles‚ penetration of the fibre structure by wash liquor containing the detergent. Detergents (and other surface-active agents) increase the spreading and wetting ability of water by reducing its surface tension—that is‚ the affinity its molecules have for each other in preference
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Thetypesofnylon-6tyrecordusedinIndiaare840/2‚1260/2‚1260/3‚ 1680/ 2 and 1890 / 2 where number indicates denier of ply / no. of plies in the cord. The denier per filament is 6. 0.1.2 Tyre Cord: The other materials used as tyre cord are cotton‚ rayon‚ polyester‚ fibre glass‚ steel‚aromatic polyamides. Each of these materials has its own merits and demerits. The major criteria for acceptance of any material in tyre are its tensile strength‚ dimensional stability‚ durability‚ thermal stability‚ hysteresis and adhesion
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Alves C‚ Ferrão PMC‚ Silva AJ‚ Reis LG‚ Freitas M‚ Rodrigues LB. Ecodesign of automotive components making use of natural jute fiber composites. J Cleaner Prod 2011;18:313–27. [4] Jayaraman K. Manufacturing sisal–polypropylene composites with minimum fibre degradation. Compos Sci Technol 2001;63:367–74. [5] Davies G. Materials for automobile bodies. Oxford: Replika Press Pvt. Ltd.; 2003. [6] Suddell B‚ Evans W. Natural fiber composites in automotive applications. In: Mohanty AK‚ Misra M‚ Drzal TL‚ editors
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Calcaneal Tendon which adheres to the calf muscle and heel bone which allows for active range of motion (AROM) which consist of running‚ jumping and walking. The outer layer of the Achilles tendon is the paratenon layer then tertiary fibre bundle which holds the primary fibre bundle‚collagen fiber and collagen fibril. Ropes have the same structural base as the Achilles tendon‚ when you pull on one side of the rope in tug of war just like when the calf muscle contracts the Achilles tendon tightens. If
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or machine groups. Generally valid basic principles will thus be kept separate from ongoing developments in machine design and construction. Introduction to Spinning : The annual world fiber consumption in 2004 amounted to approx. 70 mio tons (synthetics: 38 mio tons‚ cotton: 22 mio tons‚ cellulose fiber: 2.5 mio tons and others: 7.5 mio tons).While about one third of the man-made fibers is processed as endless filament‚ still two thirds come in staple fiber form. The larger part of staple fiber
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Indian Textile Industry The textile industry is the largest industry of modern India. It accounts for over 20 percent of industrial production and is closely linked with the agricultural and rural economy. It is the single largest employer in the industrial sector employing about 38 million people. If employment in allied sectors like ginning‚ agriculture‚ pressing‚ cotton trade‚ jute‚ etc. are added then the total employment is estimated at 93 million. The net foreign exchange earnings
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Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulose fiber. Because it is produced from naturally occurring polymers‚ it is neither a truly synthetic fiber nor a natural fiber; it is a semi-synthetic[1] fiber. Rayon Fiber Characteristics o Highly absorbent o Soft and comfortable o Easy to dye o Drapes well Some Major Rayon Fiber Uses • Apparel: Accessories‚ blouses‚ dresses‚ jackets‚ lingerie‚ linings‚ millinery‚ slacks‚ sportshirts‚ sportswear‚ suits
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LIVING GREEN PARIS In today’s world “going green” has become a top priority in our society‚ and sustainable recycling programs‚ new materials and design are at the forefront of this green revolution. Environmental protection and eco-fashion are essential elements for such an international and fashionable city as Paris. They are fundamental for its sustainable development. Using books and gathering information surfing the net‚ in this essay it will be discussed about recycle‚ ecology and fashion
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