O3 Ageing of Rubber Accelerated Weathering and Ozone Test Results R.P. Brown‚ T. Butler and S.W. Hawley Europe’s leading independent plastics and rubber specialists Ageing of Rubber Accelerated Weathering and Ozone Test Results R.P. Brown‚ T. Butler and S.W. Hawley Rapra Technology Limited This report is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project which forms part of the UK government’s Department of Trade and Industry’s Degradation of Materials in Aggressive
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Company Background Christopher Columbus was probably the first European to handle rubber. Rubber has been used by the Haitian for centuries. In 1819 Thomas Hancock discovered that latex rubber can be masticated‚ but unfortunately mastication deprived rubber of its elastic qualities. Charles Goodyear has discovered vulcanization in 1839‚ which solved the problem and also kept rubber products from becoming tacky. Hence the commercial uses of rubber multiplied greatly. Shortly thereafter
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There are many alternatives that exist to the use of live animals in research and most non-animal testing methods are more reliable and less expensive. Some of those alternatives are‚ “synthetic skin” called Corrositex‚ computer modeling‚ improved statistical design‚ and the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA). “Another resource that exists to prove the viability and relevance of using non-animal testing methods is Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME).” FRAME is located
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Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Introduction: In this lab the synthesis‚ purification‚ and characterization of isoamyl acetate‚ or banana oil‚ was determined. The synthesis was completed by a reversible esterification reaction which required the heating of glacial acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol‚ combined with a sulfuric acid catalyst in hexane. In order to increase the efficiency of the reaction‚ LeChatelier’s Principle is utilized by removing water from the products. As a result‚ the reaction
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In Ian Frazier’s essay‚ “In Praise of Margins”‚ the author talks about his childhood life and how he had “margins” where he and his friends would do things and nothing would matter because they wouldn’t care. “Marginal” thought is valuable because it allows adults to use their imagination. His purpose is to try new activities without shame; it’s the spur of the moment that defines margin. I think his view about marginal activity is comprehensive and relatable. When we think of margins‚ we think
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The Indian Lubricant Market: Survival of the Slickest Introduction The Indian automotive lubricant market is the sixth largest market in the world with revenues of approximately $1.30 billion in 2002. It is also one of the fastest growing retail markets in India. Until 1993‚ it was a highly regulated market with a clear dominance of the public sector. Companies like Bharat Petroleum (BPCL)‚ Hindustan Petroleum (HPCL)‚ and Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) held more than 75 percent of
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Ashes to Ashes‚ Dust to… Diamonds? Grand romantic dedications to departed loved ones might seem the stuff of movies. Works of art and literary prose are not typically a part of funeral arrangements. The subject of death makes most of us uncomfortable‚ and we would rather stick to interring our loved ones’ remains in the ground and ordering flowers than get too far out of the box. One company aims to change that EverDear & Co.‚ based in the US‚ specializes in the creation of something called “memorial
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New York Times Project Biology 113 Topic: Synthetic Biology vs. Natural selection   Synthetic Biology vs. Natural Selection Darwin first introduced the idea of evolution in his publication of The Origin of Species‚ on November 24th‚ 1859 (Campbell‚ 2005‚ p. 438). This opposed many traditional views as it was generally accepted that the beginning inhabitants of the world had no mutations in their genetic composition. His publication had two major points. The first being the modern
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an early plastic. It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin‚ formed from an elimination reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. It was developed by Belgian-born chemist Leo Baekeland in New York in 1907. One of the first plastics made from synthetic components‚ Bakelite was used for its electrical non-conductivity and heat-resistant properties in electrical insulators‚ radio and telephone casings‚ and such diverse products as kitchenware‚ jewelry‚ pipe stems‚ and children’s toys. HISTORY:
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Everybody seldom represents tattooing as an artistic or beautiful work because there are no terms for art. Tattoo is a source of pride and strength because it’s an old traditional. Communities around the world making tattooed over the human skin. Although cosmetic tattooing is a traditional and recommended style but difficulties can happen. Tattooing‚ lately‚ has reached great popularity. The decision of a tattoo is controlled somewhat by gender. Teenagers under 18 of age and college students are
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