Introduction This assessment will explain the function and products of the liver and pancreas and how this aids digestion‚ making efficient. It will also include the interaction of the circulatory and respiratory systems during exercise and at rest and how they work separately and together. Lastly‚ it will discuss what could go wrong with these systems and how this would affect the horse. The Pancreas (M1) Structure of the pancreas The pancreas is an elongated digestive organ that lies next to the
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intermittent venous access 3. By “piggyback” infusion of a solution containing the prescribed medication and a small volume of IV fluid through an existing line 2. An IV bolus is when you administer a small amount of fluid directly into the systemic circulation in order to deliver the medication. 3. Volume controlled infusions are when a fluid is within a secondary fluid container separate from the primary fluid bag. It is administered in small amounts (50 to 100 mL) and connects directly to the
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1. What do those numbers (130/87) mean? What do they relate to in the cardiac cycle? The numbers 130/87 is the blood pressure of the patient. The top number 130‚ is the reading that is received when the heart is in contraction and blood is pushed out of the heart into the rest of the body (this is called systole). The bottom number 87‚ is the reading when the heart is at it relaxed state and is being refilled with blood (this is called diastole.) 2. This deposition of platelets and fibrin can
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myocardium loses its ability to pump enough blood to meet the body’s metabolic needs and is generally accompanied by fluid accumulation in the body tissues‚ especially the lungs. The build–up of fluid affects the normal function of the heart‚ pulmonary circulation‚ blood pressure‚ the distribution of oxygen and nutrients‚ and electrolyte balance. Where oedema occurs in the body depends on the part of the heart that is affected by heart failure. Heart failure is almost always a chronic‚ long term condition
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HS130 MIDTERM REVIEW UNITS 1-4 Chapter 11 Blood Chapter 12 The Circulatory System Chapter 12 The Lymphatic System and Immunity Chapter 14 The Respiratory System Daudi K. Langat‚ PhD January 2011 Chapter 11 Blood BLOOD COMPOSITION Blood plasma • Definition—blood minus its cells • Composition—water containing many dissolved substances (e.g.‚ foods‚ salts‚ and hormones) • Amount of blood—varies with size and sex; 4 to 6 L about average;
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specification‚ "blood pressure" usually refers to thearterial pressure of the systemic circulation. During each heartbeat‚ blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure.[1] The blood pressure in the circulation is principally due to the pumping action of the heart.[2] Differences in mean blood pressure are responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation. The rate of mean blood flow depends on the resistance to flow presented by the
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ventricles Pulmonic/Aortic Valves • During ventricular filling (diastole)‚ the pulmonic and aortic valves are closed (shut) • As the pressure in the ventricles increases‚ these valves are forced open and eject blood into the aorta/systemic circulation (systole) 2 Layers of the Heart • Endocardium=inner layer. Continous with valves and lining of blood vessels • Myocardium=middle layer. “Muscle” • Pericardium=outer layer‚ “double layer”‚ filled with pericardial fluid. Cardiac
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passes through the heart twice in double circulatory system and is circulated in two pathways that are pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation (IvyRose Holistic‚ n.d.). In pulmonary circulation‚ the distance travel is from heart to the lungs. Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs for gaseous exchange and the oxygenated blood travels back to the heart. In systemic circulation‚ the oxygenated blood is pumped out from the heart to all parts of the body via aorta. After the diffusion of gas
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In pregnancy‚ the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role for the equilibrium of salt and water in mother and child. All components of the RAAS are altered during pregnancy (1‚ 2). Renin concentrations are elevated due to extra-renal secretion in decidua and ovaries through estrogen stimulation (2). An increase in angiotensinogen production in the liver is observed in pregnant women. By contrast‚ the angiotensin-converting enzyme is reduced. These changes result in an
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from mild neurologic impairment (such as numbness and tingling of extremities or neck pain) to devastating total body paralysis depending on the extent of damage and where in the spinal cord the damage occurs. Management of airway‚ breathing and circulation are key with SCI patients‚ as well as immediate immobilization. With proper care and intervention‚ chances of survival are greatly improved. Spinal Cord Injury Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) most commonly occur as a result of falls‚ motor vehicle
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