INTRODUCTION The object oriented information modeling started in the early 1960’s‚ but at the time it was not very popular. It is only recently that object oriented programming has become popular. It was designed for the purposes of creating simulations and was developed by Kristen Nygaard and Ole-Johan Dahl in Norway. The term “object oriented information modeling” was first used by Xerox PARC in their Smalltalk programming language. The term was used to refer to the process of using the
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OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTATION Object Orientation is a term used to describe the object – oriented(OO) method of building software. In an OO approach‚ the data is treated as the most important element and it cannot flow freely around the system. Restrictions are placed on the number of units that can manipulate the data. This approach binds the data and the methods that will manipulate the data closely and prevents the data from being inadvertently
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Object-Oriented Programming Paradigm Advantages * Because of the concept of inheritance in OO programming‚ existing codes can be easily modified because new codes can be added with little modifications made. That is to say it is easily extensible and codes can be easily re-used. * OOP provides a clear program structure because the solution to be developed can be broken down into objects and approached as such. This gives room for maintainability of the program because problems would be easy
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definition for community oriented policing‚ however‚ a clear and well known definition was developed by Trojanowicz and Buequeroux and was defined as “ a new philosophy of policing‚ which emphasizes the working partnership between police officers and citizens in creative ways in order to solve community problems relating to crime‚ fear of crime‚ and neighborhood disorders”. The practice has several names‚ community oriented policing‚ problem oriented policing‚ neighborhood oriented policing‚ and problem
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DISSERTATION On “TO STUDY THE BRAND SWITCHING (CONSUMER SWITCHING) BEHAVIOUR IN FMCG (FAST MOVING CONSUMER DURABLES ) SECTOR WITH SHAMPOO AS FOCUS IN DELHI-NCR” BY ASHUTOSH AGRAWAL- 51 JYOTSNA JHA-29 ANISHA YADAV- 1 NIKHITA ARORA- 6 RADHIKA KAPOOR- 17 MBA- HR CLASS OF 2015 Under the supervision of Ms. VANDANA GUPTA Assistant Professor Department of Marketing At AMITY BUSINESS SCHOOL AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH
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Module: 1 Road Map Meaning‚ definition of leadership Trait theory of leadership Behavioral theories Contingency theories 11–2 What Is Leadership? 11–3 Leadership Theories Theories Traditional Theories (1) Behavioral Theories (3) Modern Theories (2) Contingency/Situational theories (4) 11–4 Traditional & Behavioral theories Theories Traditional Trait Theory Refer Robbins for details of each points Behavioral
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LEADERSHIP STYLE A leadership style is a leader’s style of providing direction‚ implementing plans‚ and motivating people. There are many different leadership styles that can be exhibited by leaders in the political‚ business or other fields. The autocratic leaderThe authoritarian leadership style or autocratic leader keeps strict‚ close control over followers by keeping close regulation of policies and procedures given to followers. To keep main emphasis on the distinction of the authoritarian
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Grint‚ K. (1997) ‘Leadership: A contested Construct’‚ in Grint‚ K. (ed.) Leadership: Classical‚ Contemporary‚ and Critical Approaches‚ Oxford‚ Oxford University Press‚ pp. 27-36 Leadership: A Constested Consruct – Keith Grint Grint’s divisions of leadership theories: The first division concerns attributed to the individual or to the situation or context that the individual id in. Some leadership theories seem to centre solely on the characteristic of leaders regardless of the situation
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What Is Leadership? Leadership The ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals. Management Use of authority inherent in designated formal rank to obtain compliance from organizational members. 11–0 Trait Theories Traits Theories of Leadership Leadership Traits: • Ambition and energy • The desire to lead • Honest and integrity Theories that consider personality‚ social‚ physical‚ or intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from nonleaders. • Self-confidence
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Chapter 17 Leadership TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS WHO ARE LEADERS AND WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? 1. Managers and leaders are the same. (False; easy; p. 488) 2. Ideally‚ all managers should be leaders. (True; easy; p. 488) EARLY THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP 3. Despite the best efforts of researchers‚ it proved impossible to identify one set of traits that would always differentiate leaders from nonleaders. (True; moderate; p. 489) 4. Effective leaders do not need a high degree of knowledge about
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