NCOME-TAX ACT‚ 1961* [43 OF 1961] [AS AMENDED BY FINANCE ACT‚ 2012] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to income-tax and super-tax BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of India as follows :— CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY Short title‚ extent and commencement. 11. 2(1) This Act may be called the Income-tax Act‚ 1961. (2) It extends to the whole of India. (3) Save as otherwise provided in this Act‚ it shall come into force on the 1st day of April‚ 1962. Definitions
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federal income tax was established in 1913 and since then it has become so complex that it requires millions of Americans to seek professional help every year. In addition to that‚ an expensive federal bureaucracy is required to enforce and administer the tax. The tax law was created to provide programs and services to the people that people wouldn’t want to pay for themselves. And through the tax system‚ we pay for these services that the government provides us. As much as a tax system is needed
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1. Near year end‚ P‚ a cash basis‚ calendar year taxpayer‚ paid for various deductible expenses as described below. 1. The payment was dropped in the mail before year end. 2. P gave a note evidencing her promise to pay the amount in three months. 3. The amount was charged on her Master Card on December 28. The charge appeared on her bill for the period December 1 through December 31‚ which she received in January and which she paid on January 20. The bank actually paid the expense in January
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Asia Technological School of Science and Arts (ASIATECH) are in the education business since 2010. It started opening vocational or two year program in the field of information technology and hospitality management. To date‚ ASIATECH is now offering programs in the tertiary education with eight baccalaureate programs. With the increase of students enrolling in the institution‚ it is also a requirement that they increase the
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Ordinary income Tennant v Smith‚ (money or convertible into money) An employee was given accommodation rent free by his employer. Was this ordinary income? • The employee could not sublet the accommodation to anyone else‚ therefore could not turn this accommodation into cash. • The Court said it was not ordinary income under s. 25(1) (now s.6-5) since the accommodation was not convertible into money. • Not ordinary income under s.6-5. FCT v Cooke & Sherden. (money or convertible into money) Soft
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a commodity. Tax constitute the major source of the government’s income Meaning of Tax The tax is compulsory payment to the Government by taxpayer without any expectation of some specified return. While paying tax‚ the tax-payer is not entitled to force the government to give something in return of the sum he has paid as tax. Characteristics of a Tax A compulsory payment: - Tax is not an optional payment by a citizen but a payment having legal enforcement behind it. Tax is levied by the
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resources burden government with economic problem which can and shall ultimately pose danger to the peace and order condition of the community‚ country or nation. In the Philippines the tax department‚ popularly known as Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)‚ is under the support of the Department of Finance. The tax department has enormous and wide ranging administrative and legislative powers when it comes to assessment‚ enforcing taxes and collection. It is considered to be the main revenue earning
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[pic] [pic] Project submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree [pic] DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project report titled‚ Income Tax Planning in India with respect to Individual Assessee submitted by me to the Department of Business Management of XXXXX‚ is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it is not submitted to any other University or Institute for the Award of any degree diploma/certificate or published any time before. Date: (XXXX) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A
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the AVI-YONAHFINAL.DOC FEBRUARY 26‚ 2002 2/26/02 5:38 PM Book Review Why Tax the Rich? Efficiency‚ Equity‚ and Progressive Taxation Reuven S. Avi-Yonah† Does Atlas Shrug? The Economic Consequences of Taxing the Rich. Edited by Joel B. Slemrod.∗ Cambridge: Harvard University Press‚ 2000. Pp. 524. $57.95. In Greek mythology‚ Atlas was a giant who carried the world on his shoulders. In Ayn Rand’s 1957 novel Atlas Shrugged‚ Atlas represents the “ prime movers” —the talented few who bear
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Unit 3 Assignment 1: Homework Short Answer 5‚ 6 p. 71 5. What two things must you normally specify in a variable declaration? You must specify the variable type and identifier. 6. What value is stored in uninitialized variables? Some languages assign a default value as 0 to uninitialized variables. In many languages‚ however‚ uninitialized variables hold unpredictable values. Algorithm Workbench Review Questions 3-10 p.71 3. Write assignment statements that perform the following operations
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