DQ 1 Why is tax minimization different from efficient tax planning? Effective tax planning involves considering the role of taxes when implementing the decision rule of maximizing after-tax returns. Tax-minimization does not aim to maximize after-tax returns‚ so it may be undesirable. Tax minimization can introduce significant costs along nontax dimensions. Tax minimization may not consider risks and costs‚ so may not catch the some profitable chances. But‚ effective tax planning always consider
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Tax & Taxation The term ’tax’ has been derived from the French word taxe and etymologically‚ the Latin word taxare is related to the term ’tax’‚ which means ’to charge’. Tax is an obligatory payment in the part of the citizen without the expectation of any direct benefit. Taxation is the obligation of non-penal‚ yet compulsory transfer of resources from the private to the public sector levied on a basis of predetermined criteria and without reference to specific benefit received. It is one of the
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An ad valorem tax is a tax based on the value of the incurred‚ like the value added tax‚ sales tax‚ property tax or inheritance tax. The value of the goods‚ services or properties is the basis for the tax collected. Specific tax on the other hand‚ is a tax based on the quantity produced. It is not a function of the value of the product being taxed. Cigarettes are a product being taxed in such category. The use of specific tax could have been a good idea since it is evident that even though
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TAX REFORMS IN INDIA * About :- Tax reform is the process of changing the way taxes are collected or managed by the government. Tax reformers have different goals. Some seek to reduce the level of taxation of all people by the government. Some seek to make the tax system more progressive or less progressive. Others seek to simplify the tax system and make the system more understandable‚ or more accountable . Numerous organizations have
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FEATURES OF SERVICE TAX 1. Scope: It is leviable on taxable services ‘provided’ or ‘to be provided’ by a service provider. The services ‘to be provided’ in future are taxed only if payment in its respect is received in advance. Two separate persons required Payment to employees not covered: For charge of service tax‚ it is necessary that the service provider and service recipient should be two separate persons acting on ‘principal to principal basis’. Services provided by an employee to
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taken by the beneficiaries. In the tax of tax fraud the bond referred to here are actually non-existent and are never enforceable in the tax authorities decide to exercise the right to take the bond such as failure to pay an installment on a tax deficiency or tax return. Another criminal offense is the declaration that there are already permits that the taxpayer has procured from the local government and the cost of such permits is deducted in the income tax return as an
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Who did it? eBay avoided £ 50m in tax Starbucks paid less than 1% tax on its profit IKEA halved its tax bill Former Italian Prime Minister Bersculoni List goes on…. How do they do it? Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) Sister Company Round Tripping Tax havens Influencing audit committees Who is affected? Government Less of taxes Profits siphoned off to other countries Fiscal deficit General public Less spending from govt.‚ less benefits
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I. INTRODUCTION To raise revenue for tight government budgets‚ legislators sometimes attempt to raise revenue by imposing unusually high excise taxes on cigarettes‚ liquor‚ gambling‚ and so on. This type of charge‚ often called a "sin tax‚" appeals to voters who view it as a way of discouraging consumption of certain objectionable products. It reduces the income of the buyer.Lowers profits for the seller‚ and leads to reduced investment‚ wages‚ and jobs.It is not likely to seriously
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Value added tax (VAT) in theory avoids the cascade effect of sales tax by taxing only the value added at each stage of production. For this reason‚ throughout the world‚ VAT has been gaining favour over traditional sales taxes. In principle‚ VAT applies to all provisions of goods and services. VAT is assessed and collected on the value of goods or services that have been provided every time there is a transaction (sale/purchase). The seller charges VAT to the buyer‚ and the seller pays this VAT to
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What is GST? GST is a tax on goods and services with comprehensive and continuous chain of set-off benefits from the Producer’s point and Service provider’s point up to the retailer level. It is essentially a tax only on value addition at each stage and a supplier at each stage is permitted to set-off through a tax credit mechanism. Under GST structure‚ all different stages of production and distribution can be interpreted as a mere tax pass through and the tax essentially sticks on final
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