Contracts (C3‚ pg 58) |Nature of contract |- Legal relationship consisting of the right and promises constituting an agreement between the parties that give each party a legal | | |duty to the other and also the right to seek for breach of those duties | | |- Consensus ad idem (meeting of minds); what the parties agree on must be clear and unambiguous and parties must be ad idem. |
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Question Write an analysis of the developments of the taxation system in Zimbabwe from pre to post colonial Zimbabwe (25) The tax system currently enforced in Zimbabwe under the authority of the Income tax Act Chap 23.06 with Acts like the Capital Gains Act Chap 23.01‚ Finance Act Chap 23.04 and the Excise duties Act as complimentary. The system evolved from traditional ideologies perpetuated from
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Introduction Double taxation arises when an individual or business acquiring income in a foreign country is required to pay taxes on that income in both the foreign country as well as the country of origin. For example‚ an American company operating in a developing country‚ in the absence of a tax treaty between the two countries may have to pay a withholding tax to the government of the developing country‚ as well as corporation tax to the United States government (Howard‚ 2001‚ p. 259). The
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Textile Exam Notes Chapters 6‚7 and 8 * Generic Names – Similar chemical composition * Cross-dye able fibers – NOT colored * Trade Names- Company Name * Three General Steps of spinning process: P-Prepare4 dope/melt E- Extrude S- Solidify * Fiber Size largest to smallest: Macrofiber Microfiber Ultrafine Nanofiber * Microfiber-Strength * Ultrafine Microfiber – Technical Application Nanofiber * Dope- raw materials dissolved * Melt- polymer
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Topic 5: Torrens Title Intro reasons why Torrens Title came into being old system very complex tracing title back security of title the registration of deeds doesn’t fix the above issues especially security General Register of deeds difficult to search General Register does not fix any defect Under Torrens Title indefeasibility of title started with Robert Torrens in SA NSW started 1963 Since then all grants under Torrens Title At conveyance of old property transferred to Torrens US
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ART 1163 Every person obliged to give something is also obliged to take care of it with the proper diligence of a good father of a family‚ unless the law or the stipulation of the parties requires another standard of care. Specific or determinate – identified by tis individuality. Cannot substitute Generic or indeterminate – refers only to a class or genus [genus nunquam perit: genus never perishes] Duties of debtor in obligation to give a determinate thing 1. preserve the thing a. diligence
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Agency (1) AGENCY RELATIONSHIP? (2) AUTHORITY? Agency is an agreement‚ express or implied‚ by which the principal entrusts to the agent‚ the management of the business; to be transacted in his name‚ or on his account‚ and by which the agent assumes to do the business and to render an account of it. Agency involves: Principal‚ who passes authority to Agent to effect the legal relations between the principal Third party‚ acted with principal through the agent Section 135 CA (Definition of Agent)
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Progressive Taxation Saj October 23‚ 2012 The Common Sense Party supports a light progressive taxation tax plan which gives low income and middle class earners a chance to save more money to spend on their bills and necessities. We believe that higher income individual earners have more money to spend on bills and necessities with a larger sum left over for savings than a low income earner or a middle class earner. However we do not believe in overtaxing high income earners to the point
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s(x) s(x + t) = 1− s(x) ∞ = V ar[T (x)] = 2 t · t px dt − ˚ e2x 0 ∞ k=1 Pr[K(x) = k] = Pr[k ≤ T (x) < k + 1] = k px − = k px · qx+k = k| qx (2k − 1) k px − e2x V ar[K(x)] = Curtate future lifetime (K(x) ≡ greatest integer in T (x)): Exam M - Life Contingencies - LGD c t px dt Total lifetime after age x: Tx k+1 px ∞ Tx = lx+t dt 0 1 Total lifetime between age x and x + 1: Lx Central death rate: mx Lx = Tx − Tx+1 1 = 1 lx · t px dt lx+t dt = 0 lx − lx+1 Lx lx − lx+n n
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Chapter 4 – Constituting Companies (Mini summary relevant for Chapter 22 – Transacting by Companies 1) Legal effect of the internal governance rules s140 states that: “a company’s constitution (if any) and any replaceable rules that apply to the company have effect as a contract: a) Between the company and each member b) Between the company and each director and company secretary c) Between a member and each other member Under which each person agrees to observe and perform ... the rules so
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