TAXATION LAW I. General Principles POWER OF TAXATION TAXATION – power by which the sovereign through its law-making body raises revenue to defray the necessary expenses of government from among those who in some measure are privileged to enjoy its benefits and must bear its burdens. Two Fold Nature of the Power of Taxation 1. It is an inherent attribute of sovereignty 2. It is legislative in character Extent of Taxing Power Subject to constitutional and inherent restrictions
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slaves were not used. Southerners argued that slaves were not considered citizens but were considered property‚ that slavery actually bettered a slave’s life due to the conversion to Christianity‚ and that the economy of the south would not survive without slavery. Although protesters questioned slavery‚ southerners used property rights‚ Christianity‚ and economic prosperity to defend the use of slavery in the nineteenth century. In the Declaration of Independence‚ the words “Men” or “Citizens”
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John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It is during this period that the American‚ French and Haitian Revolutions occurred‚ all taking inspiration from the context of the time. Whilst‚ these revolutions all found commonality in the Enlightenment Era‚ the American Revolution undoubtedly acted as a muse for French and Haitian revolutionary political thinkers as they all followed the foundational principles of the American Revolution. The blueprint exists when regarding reoccurring themes of Republicanism
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one of the main sources of media that depicts the way African Americans are represented. African Americans are continuously represented in the media in many different ways. These particular ways tend to encourage certain stereotypes about African Americans‚ some of which are negative and some are positive. Not only does television promote negative and positive stereotypes‚ but it also promotes racial stereotypes as well. African American portrayals on television‚ not only affect blacks as a whole‚
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[2008] NZSC 115; [2009] 2 NZLR 289; (2009) 24 NZTC 23‚ 188 (SC). BNZ Investments Ltd v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (2009) 24 NZTC 23‚582 (HC). Books and Chapters in books Robert Vosslamber New Zealand Taxation 2013 (1thed‚ Brookers Ltd‚ Wellington‚ 2013). [ 4 ]. Robert VosslamberNew Zealand Taxation 2013 (1thed‚ Brookers Ltd‚ Wellington‚ 2013) at [24.8.2].
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TAXATION An involuntary fee levied on corporations or individuals that is enforced by a level of government in order to finance government activities. TAXES Compulsory monetary contribution to the state’s revenue‚ assessed and imposed by a government on the activities‚ enjoyment‚ expenditure‚ income‚ occupation‚ privilege‚ property‚ etc.‚ of individuals and organizations. A fee charged ("levied") by a government on a product‚ income‚ or activity. If tax is levied directly on personal or corporate
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Commissioner vs. Pineda‚ 21 SCRA 105 When Atanasio Pineda died‚ his estate was divided among his wife and their 15 children. The eldest among the 15 children‚ Atty. Manuel Pineda had a share of P2‚500 but the BIR found out that the income tax return of the estate for the years 1945‚ 1946‚ 1947 and 1948 was not filed‚ so the collector of Internal Revenue issued an assessment and charged the full amount to the inheritance. The issue here is‚ can the Bureau of Internal Revenue collect the full amount
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and underwent the American Revolutionary War. Colonization of the New World by Europeans during the seventeenth century resulted in a great expansion of slavery‚ which later became the most common form of labor in the colonies. According to Peter Kolchin‚ modern Western slavery was a product of European expansion and was predominantly a system of labor. Even with the introduction of slavery to the New World‚ life still wasn’t as smooth as we may presume. Although the early American colonists found
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The initial interactions between the Native Americans and the British is one of the most romanticized topics in literature and cinema. Many descriptions done by early authors like Christopher Columbus‚ John Smith and William Bradford‚ who experienced the encounters with the native people of America first hand‚ are now finding a new life in the modern films and animated cartoons. All these works of art create various representations of the Native Americans. Judging from my previous experience with the
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The American Revolution was an upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783. The thirteen colonies wanted to be separated from the British Empire‚ but the King was not to keen on this idea. There were many causes for this: French and Indian War‚ Stamp Act‚ Townshend Act‚ and more. These things brought about effects: Declaration of Independence‚ Articles of Confederation‚ Bill of Rights‚ and eventually‚ FREEDOM! The French and Indian War‚ also known as the Seven Year War in Europe‚ was fought because
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