Shareholders and analysts expect companies to meet forecasted goals and not to deviate from these. Especially‚ reliable companies are to report positive results and shall not present any ’surprises ’. Managers therefore often turn to their accounting departments for help‚ whose job it then is to improve the bottom line by changing the information shown in financial statements and hence improve investor confidence. This process is also called earnings management. Earnings management may be utilised in several
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Comparative Method Sociologists have embraced what is known as the comparative method as the most efficient way to expose taken-for-granted ’truths’ or laws that people have adopted. But what is this comparative method and how does it work? Are there any advantages/disadvantages to exposing these false ’truths’. What forms or variations of the comparative method exist? In the pages to follow I will attempt to give you some insight and understanding of what the comparative method is‚ and how
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Activity-Based Costing ABC Company produces two products: Product A and Product B. Recently appointed management decided to change from a unit-based‚ traditional costing system to an activity-based costing system. The following data have been gathered‚ to assess the effect of the change: Product type Quantity Prime Costs Machine Hours Material Moves Setups Product A 60‚000 €150‚000 3‚500 6‚800 800 Product B 15‚000 € 30‚000 2‚750 1‚200 450 Expenditures (€) €180‚000 €120‚000
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urban hydrology methods in Malaysia. It gives satisfactory results for small catchments only • The formula is: C . y It . A Qy = 360 where‚ Qy = y year ARI peak flow (m3/s) C= dimensionless runoff coefficient yI t = y year ARI average rainfall intensity over time of concentration‚ tc ‚ (mm/hr) A= drainage area (ha) Or Q=CiA i = average rainfall intensity (in/hr)equals to tc A = catchment area ( acre) Q = Peak flow ( cusecs) Rational Method 1 Qp tc
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Joint Venture: Proportionate Consolidation Method & Equity Method Andrea Marciana B. Diwa Modadv1– K32 10926739 June 11‚ 2012 - Monday INTRODUCTION Joint venture is identified as a topic of study because of the massive rise in international joint ventures during the business globalization and because of the different joint venture accounting practices across countries. The increasing trend to produce financial statements which are free from errors and misstatements lead to the competitiveness
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their expectations‚ and identifies the behavioural attributes that affect asset prices. This thesis extends this literature by examining deviations from the Bayesian model that arise due to i) ambiguity aversion‚ ii) investor sentiment and iii) decision heuristics. Bayesian Updating assumes that investors are able to always estimate a single generating process for expected returns. However‚ in reality investors analyze noisy information
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cross disciplines and the product lifecycle. For process industry infrastructure in the oil and gas‚ utilities‚ and mining arenas‚ Hard Dollar’s software focuses on project management‚ including costs. AspenTech delivers a view for the front-end engineering process prior to the CAD/BIM stage. Engineered or project industries: Engineer-to-order and project industries have long needed cost-estimating tools for sales quoting. One such tool comes from Micro Estimating Systems‚ which uses metalworking
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THE PROBLEM – AMOUNT OF WORK BEING COMPLETED The problem being encountered‚ at the Traffic Operations Department‚ is the amount of work being completed in the Signs and Pavement Markings units. Management is concerned that work is being prioritized in a reactive manner‚ that is‚ supervisors are “fighting fires” rather than planning work. There is a system that was created for assigning times to the various tasks that belong to the Signs and Pavement Markings units. This system exists in
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Analyse the evolution of ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC). What Factors led to its emergence. Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Activity Based Costing (ABC)……………………………………………………..…. 5 * What is ABC * Development Of ABC Terms Involved in ABC & Stages of ABC………………………………………… 6 Evolution Of ABC………………………………………………………………………… 7 Phases of development of ABC……………………………………………………… 8 What led to the emergence of ABC………………………………………………
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Product Identification Costing Sheet I have a dish of grilled lamb chops with tomatoes and olives‚ honey lime carrots‚ and roasted red potatoes with garlic and rosemary. After costing out every item in the recipe I got a subtotal of $104.56. Once I introduced a Q-factor of 3% into the costing‚ I came up with a subtotal with Q-factor of $107.70. My yield of the dishes is 10 plates‚ so taking the subtotal with a Q-factor and dividing it by 10‚ makes it $10.77 per dish‚ then add in a dollar for extra
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