THE HAMBURG RULES: DID IT INCREASE THE LIABILITY OF THE CARRIER? BY KWEKU GYAN AINUSON (Under The Direction of Professor Gabriel Wilner) ABSTRACT The Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea (Hamburg rules) was hoped to provide a uniform modern commercial code for the international carriage of goods by sea. However‚ after 26 years after the diplomatic conference and nearly 13 years after it came into force‚ the rules have not been ratified by the world’s major maritime powers. The main
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WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY SPM235 MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL LAW Random number: 445211 20 August 2012 Prof. Patrick Donner Word count: 1940 (excluding cover page‚ table of contents and reference list) I. Introduction The ideal of harmonization and uniformity has always proved to be particularly important factor of maritime law due to the character of maritime industry’s transaction has historically been perceived as somewhat international trade and international law. However
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CHAPTER 1 APPLICATION OF THE RULES GENERALLY INDEX I. II. Introduction The Hague Rules 1) 2) III. The general principle of application Paramount clauses and the Hague Rules The Visby Rules 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) A brief history of the Visby Rules Hague/Visby Rules - a single document Visby Rules - force of law Paramount clause - Visby Rules Extent of application - Visby Rules IV. The Hague and Hague/Visby Rules 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) Contracts of common and private
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ISM GLOSSARY OF KEY SUPPLY M ANAGEM ENT TERM S INCOTERMS Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) were developed by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) as a uniform set of rules to clarify the costs‚ risks and obligations of buyers and sellers in international commercial transactions. Because they address issues relating to import and export‚ the Incoterms are most appropriate for use in international shipping; they are‚ however‚ used for U.S. domestic shipping as well. The Incoterms
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Screw conveyor is used for storage silo and under hopper material discharging and as a kind of fast amount in 5% of the required accuracy‚ under the circumstance‚then continuous evenly conveying to the devices of accepting materials‚ through the adjustment of the vibration motor excitation force can easily change the productivity. screw conveyor: http://www.lime-mill.com/conveyor/ Screw conveyor is widely used in mining‚ metallurgy‚ coal‚ glass‚ building materials‚ light industry‚ chemical industry
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Compare and contrast the application and scope of express and implied indemnities in voyage and time charterparties I. Introduction: (i) Examining the different relationships which arise between the shipper/ the owner of the goods‚ the carrier or the shipowner‚ the charterer; when the shipowner directly or through an agent undertakes to carry goods by sea or to provide an vessel for that purpose‚ such an arrangement is termed as contract of affreighment. Such contract of affreighment may take a
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SWOT Analysis: Internal Environment: Strengths: Fevikwik is a well known brand in households due to its break through advertising. It has been positioned as “one drop instant adhesive”. It’ s ability to glue materials within a fraction of seconds has made it synonymous to adhesive category in India. Wide availability of fevikwick in rural as well as urban areas is also responsible for its success. Its availability in variety of pack sizes with different prices makes it a preferred brand among
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Bill Of Lading The fourth and the last issue in this case is the bill of lading. Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in a contract of carriage. It is formed between the shipper (seller or buyer) and the carrier (transport company). The contractual terms and conditions of transport contracts are generally found in transport document known as a bill of lading. Many shipments are made under bills of lading‚ issued by the carrier to the shipper upon delivery of the goods for shipment
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Incoterms are useful for companies involved in international freight transactions. These incoterms are used to determine risks and responsibilities between buyers and sellers and are defined as follow: EXW (Ex Works): Is when the buyer assumes all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller’s to the destination. The seller’s requirement is to make the goods available at his locations (works‚ factory‚ and warehouse). This term represents minimum obligation for the seller. This term
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EXPORT PROCEDURE 1. An exporter receives an enquiry from the prospective buyers seeking information regarding price‚ quality & other terms conditions for export of goods. The exporter sends a quotation known as proforma invoice as reply. 2. If the buyer is satisfied with the export price & other terms & conditions‚ he places the order or indent for the goods. 3. After receiving the order or indent‚ the exporter undertakes an enquiry regarding the credit worthiness of importer to assess the
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