attachments had later difficulties with their peers. This therefore supports Bowlby’s concept of a sensitive period during which infants are most sensitive to the development of attachments. Another strength is that if attachment did evolve as Bowlby suggests then we would expect attachment and caregiving to be universal. Tronick et al (1992) studied an African family tribe where infants were fed by different women but slept with their own mother at night. However‚ despite this‚ after six months the children
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Chapter 6 Study Guide 1. How does Erikson’s basic trust versus mistrust help to explain the early emotional development of the infant? - The trusting infant expects the world to be good and gratifying‚ so he feels confident about venturing out and exploring it. The mistrustful baby cannot count on kindness and compassion of others‚ so she protects herself by withdrawing from people and thimgs around her. P.184 2. How does Erikson’s autonomy autonomy versus shame and doubt help to explain emotional
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What is temperament? What is the relation between temperament and personality traits in adulthood? Over time‚ I have noticed that I have become more impatient‚ I let negativity come to mind before positivism‚ and sometimes‚ I just don’t want to hear it. This is not my complete personality at its best‚ but the innocent mind that used to be open to people’s stories thinks a bit more skeptically and suspiciously. Though skeptical‚ I do enjoy listening to people’s encounters and feelings. I am
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young men: empirical findings and a meta-analysis. Aggressive Behav. Ruble‚ and Szkrvbalo (2002). Psychol. Bull. Biringen Z‚ Emde RN‚ Brown D‚ Lowe L‚ Myers S‚ Nelson D. 1999. Emotional availability and emotion communication in naturalistic mother-infant interactions: evidence for gender relations M‚ Suwalsky JTD‚ et al. 2008. Mother-child emotional availability in ecological perspective: three countries‚ two regions‚ two genders Bourdieu P. 1990. La domination masculine. Actes Rech. Sci. Soc. 84:3–31
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Unit 4: Development through the life stages Task 1 M1) Historically‚ some philosophers and theorists have argued that we are born to be the way we are. However‚ other theorists have argued that it is the way we are brought up and influenced by our surroundings that make us who we are. This argument is known as the nature v nurture debate and has been going on for many years as to this day‚ it is still not resolved. Nurture refers to the social‚ economic and environmental influences while nature
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adolescent experiences on later adult relationships‚ where it states that childhood relationships will affect your future relationships‚ Mary Ainsworth explores this by looking at our relationships as infants as concluded three types: Secure‚ insecure-avoidant‚ insecure-resistant. Secure is where the infant is in a calm state even without the presence of the primary caregiver‚ secure avoidant is where shows little distress‚ avoids contact with caregiver when returns‚ and insecure-resistant is when child
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of development. Erik Erikson states that an infant is in the stage Trust vs Mistrust. Trust vs Mistrust is an important stage in life‚ failure during this stage can hinder social development. It can do so because during this stage‚ an infant is in care of their care giver and is learning whether or not they can trust individuals. It is important for an infant to learn how to trust their primary caregiver‚ because without that trust it may cause an infant to have attachment disorders (Crosson-Tower
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‘Outline and evaluate different types of attachment’ Ainsworths ‘strange situation’ was developed as a tool to measure types of attachment in infants. The experiment was carried out in a purpose build playroom and children were observed with cameras. It consisted of several situations‚ standardised for all those who took part. Each condition involved variation of the presence of the mother and/or a stranger‚ over 3 minute intervals. During these different conditions‚ the child’s behaviour was monitored
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Which of the following is a basic emotion? A. guilt B. happiness C. pride D. embarrassment Answer Key: B Question 2 of 15 Score: 1 (of possible 1 point) One of the first signs of fear in an infant often occurs when they A. see scary scenes on television. B. are approached by an unfamiliar adult. C. are picked up by a familiar adult. D. have an interesting toy or favorite food taken away. Answer Key: B Question 3 of 15 Score: 1 (of possible
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sick due to a lagging immune system and must rest their bodies in order to recover. The same is true for a fetus in prenatal development. The mother’s stress levels do impact their child and can even go as far as impacting their child’s temperament. Child temperament is negatively impacted on prenatal stress due to genetic inheritance‚ high levels of amniotic cortisol‚ and increased levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. When first looking at a child’s emotional development‚ psychologists
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