Textbook: Neural Reflexes * all neural reflexes begin with stimulus that activates sensory receptor * receptor sends info in form of AP through sensory neurons to CNS * CNS: integrating center that evaluates all incoming info and selects appropriate response * Initiates AP in efferent neurons to direct response of muscles or glands (effectors) * Negative feedback: * Feedback signals from muscle or joint receptors keep CNS continuously informed of changing body position
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instructor. Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? To identify and define the structural categories of joints and joint movements‚ as well as discuss the function of the synovial joints in the body. To be able to describe how tearing a tendon affects the muscle it corresponds with. To describe how losing articular cartilage affects the corresponding joint‚ its bones and the associated muscles. Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so‚ list what they are and
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four muscles on a person’s shoulder blade that attach to the ball of the humerus. The muscles and tendons allow a person to lift and rotate their arm‚ and hold the ball of the humerus firmly in place within the shoulder socket. Injuries can occur to the tendons of the rotator cuff by falls‚ blunt trauma to the shoulder‚ repeated actions‚ and age. The injury is characterized by the tearing of a tendon‚ and can cause limited range of motion and pain in the shoulder. Swelling‚ crepidus and stiffness
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moving around but returns after resting. Plantar fasciitis commonly occurs in people who spend significant amounts of time standing or walking. The plantar tendon runs from your heel toward the ball of your foot. When standing‚ the tendon is stretched and stress is placed on it. Walking‚ running or jumping places increased stress on the tendon. Stress causes inflammation‚ damage‚ and
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detail about it in a single discussion. However‚ this paper will focus on the musculoskeletal system of the body. This discussion will cover the function and purpose of the musculoskeletal system‚ it’s five major organs (the bones‚ muscles‚ cartilage‚ tendons‚ and ligaments)‚ changes associated with this system during aging‚ common disorders‚ and considerations for nursing assistants. Through understanding these key points of the musculoskeletal system‚ nursing assistants will better be able to understand
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muscles and bones * Knee bones and x-ray The main tendons in knee include: * Quadriceps tendon: attaches the quadriceps muscle to the kneecap * Patellar tendon: attaches the patella to the tibia * Popliteus tendon: extends from the outer bottom surface of the femur and travels diagonally behind the knee to attach to the inner upper surface of the tibia. * Hamstring tendons: attach the hamstring muscles to the tibia * Calf tendons: attach the calf muscles to the femur Knee Ligaments
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Medial Lateral Epicondylitits Lateral * Definition: Inflammation of the lateral side of the elbow * Why: Degeneration of tendon of the extensor carpi radialis brevis‚ that occurs where tendon attaches to lateral epicondyle * How: usually seen in patients who perform manual labor or sports which require twisting and extension of the wrist against resistance * Predisposing factors- forceful work‚ extreme posture‚ and repetitive movements‚ also they found that being a woman with low
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Every year thousands of pitchers hear some of the most dreaded words possible‚ “You need Tommy John Surgery.” Tommy John Surgery affects many baseball players every year and threatens a lot of athlete’s careers. Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) damage can be common in both professional and college pitchers‚ as well as the occasional high school athlete. A damaged UCL often requires surgery‚ and an exceptionally long road to recovery. While it may put a career on hold‚ the ultimate goal is to allow
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example of a monosynaptic reflex arc‚ which is simply a neural pathway controlling a somatic reflex. In a monosynaptic reflex arc‚ there is only one motor neuron and one sensory neuron‚ which form a single chemical synapse. This means when the patellar tendon is tapped with a reflex hammer‚ there needs to only be a very brief stimulation to the muscle spindles. These muscle spindles provide the feedback that the brain needs to regulate tension in skeletal muscles. In other words‚ there will be
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING SERVICES PRESTRESS MANUAL A GUIDE FOR FIELD INSPECTION OF CAST-IN-PLACE POST-TENSIONED STRUCTURES JANUARY 2005 Revision 1 05/05 TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic INTRODUCTION SAFETY PRESTRESS WORKING DRAWINGS PRESTRESSING DUCTS PRESTRESSING STRANDS/BARS ANCHORAGE DEVICES STRAND WEDGES PRESTRESSING JACKS PRESTRESSING OPERATION a. b. c. d. Preparation for Stressing Inspection Field Inspection Overstressing of Prestressing Steel Elongation
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