Geotextiles and Geomembranes 27 (2009) 167–175 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geotextiles and Geomembranes journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geotexmem Improvement of soft soils using geogrid encased stone columns Joel Gniel 1‚ Abdelmalek Bouazza* Monash University‚ Department of Civil Engineering‚ Building 60‚ Melbourne‚ Victoria 3800‚ Australia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 16 May 2008 Received in revised form 4 November
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compare the properties of bioplastic made from agar-agar‚ a species of seaweed‚ and potato starch. Through the study‚ the researchers attempted to discover which bioplastic would be more viable for both industrial and personal use‚ in terms of its tensile strength‚ flexibility‚ water resistance and mouldability. In the procedure‚ for the first set-up‚ vinegar‚ glycerol and water were mixed in a bowl together with potato starch. The second set-up had a similar mixture‚ although instead of adding
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Materials Final Review (TESTS I‚ II‚ & III) Part I : Multiple Choice 1) As the temperature of a polymer increases‚ its density a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains fairly constant 2) Which one of the three polymer types does not involve cross-linking: a. Elastomers b. Thermoplastics c. Thermosets 3) Degree of polymerization is which of the following: a. Average number of mers in the molecule chain b. Proportion of the monomer that has been polymerized c. Sum of the molecule weights of the
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input on tensile strength‚ toughness‚ micro hardness‚ micro structure and corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel joints. Four parameters were varied by keeping speed as constant. The heating pressure of 30‚ 40‚ 50 MPa‚ heating time of 3‚ 4‚ 5 sec‚ upset pressure of 60‚ 70‚ 80 MPa‚ upset time of 2‚ 3‚ 4 sec were used to weld the joints. L9 orthogonal design concept was used. Results revealed that no intermetallic phases were formed. By increasing the heat input the tensile strength of the joint
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maleated coupling agents‚ isocyanates‚ permanganate and others are discussed. The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase fiber strength. Water absorption of composites is reduced and their mechanical properties are improved. Keywords Fiber-reinforced composites Á Natural fiber Á Chemical modifications Á Chemical coupling agents Á Surface treatments X. Li Á L. G. Tabil (&) Á
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EN1029 LABORATORY Laboratory MT STUDENT Rose Simon NAME: STUDENT NUMBER 1240682 DATE EXPERIMENT Wednesday 07 February (Week 2) PERFORMED: DATE OF SUBMISSION: Friday 15 February (Week 3) Declaration In submitting this report‚ I hereby declare that‚ except where I have made clear and full reference to the work of others‚ this submission‚ and all the material (e.g. text‚ pictures‚ diagrams) contained in it‚ is my own work‚ has not previously
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unit of stress is N m-2 or Pascal (Pa) There are three types of stress‚ they are: (i) Tensile stress (ii) Compressive stress (iii) Shear stress Strain‚ e is defined as the extension per unit length. Strain‚ Where = extension/elongation = original length There are two types of strain‚ they are: (i) Tensile strain = = (ii) Compressive strain = = Strain is the ratio
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The stress-strain diagram is generally accepted as the plotted results of a tensile test completed under carefully controlled conditions on a speciman of a metal. The stress-strain diagram important for design engineers in that it establishes the physical properties of the material under test including the yield strength‚ the ultimate strength‚ the elongation at fracture‚ the elastic limit etc. Ductile materials‚ which includes structural steel‚ as well as many alloys of other metals‚ are characterized
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Properties of paper Physical Properties Basis Weight or Grammage The basis weight‚ substance or grammage is obviously most fundamental property of paper and paperboard. The Basis weight of paper is the weight per unit area. This can be expressed as the weight in grams per square meter (GSM or g/M2)‚ pounds per 1000 sq. ft. or weight in Kgs or pounds per ream (500 sheets) of a specific size. Paper is sold by weight but the buyer is interested in area of paper. The basis weight is what
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CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its background 1.1 INTRODUCTION The growing interest in the past to produce green materials that can reduce the problem involving waste materials by non-fibrous materials led to the development of natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) also known as “water lily” is an aquatic plant which is found floating freely in the surface of fresh waters. Its rate of proliferation under certain circumstances is extremely
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