(Prof. Alfred Marshall) We can define Nat ional Income as t he collective achievement of a nat ion. In t his way‚ t he Nat ional Income is t he aggregat e of t he individual incomes. (Prof. Gardner Ackley) Nat ional Income is t he basic concept of economic‚ which refers t o t he market value of t he goods and services produced during a part icular year. (Prof. Richard Lipsy) CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL INCOme ----1.GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUct Total value of output (goods and services) produced by the factors
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pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal. Bonds guide. Boom: A state of economic prosperity‚ as in boom times. Break even: This is a term used to describe a point at which revenues equal costs (fixed and variable). Bretton Woods: An international monetary system operating from 1946-1973. The value of the dollar was fixed in terms of gold‚ and every other country held its currency at a fixed exchange rate against the dollar; when trade
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CHAPTER 9 Three conditions for a market to be perfectly competitive? Many buyers and sellers‚ with all firms selling identical products‚ and no barriers to new firms entering the market. In perfectly competitive markets‚ prices are determined by The interaction of market demand and supply because firms and consumers are price takers. Price taker Buyer or seller that is unable to affect the market price. A buyer or seller that takes the market price as given When are firms likely to be
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and exit Short Run Firm has some market power and faces downward sloping demand curve Price exceeds marginal cost When P>AC firms earn positive economic profits Long Run Positive economic profits in short run attracts new firms Firm’s market share falls and demand curve shifts down P=AC firms earn 0 economic profit P>MC and 0 economic profits deadweight loss Market in which only a few firms compete with one another‚ and entry by new firms is impeded Oligopoly Environment Few
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In your final project‚ describe and answer in economic terms a managerial decision you have knowledge about (for example one that has to be made at your place of employment). Some examples of decisions are: Should our company hire temporary workers or hire new workers to handle increase demand for our product? Should we buy a new machine or upgrade the old one? What is the optimal level of parts we should order and keep on the shelf? Should we lease or buy a car? Should we rent or buy
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$10‚000 Utilities $1‚000 Interest on bank loan $10‚000 ________________________________________ Calculate (a)the explicit costs‚ (b) the implicit costs (c) the business profit (d) the economic profit and (e) the normal return on investment in the business. a) Explicit Costs = $45‚000 + $15‚000 + $10‚000 + $1‚000 + $10‚000 = $81‚000 b) Implicit Costs = Opportunity Cost – which is her salary foregone = $25‚000 c)
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1) Discuss the owner-manager conflict within the firm. Provide two real world manifestations of the conflict. Owner-manager conflicts finds it basis on the self-interested behaviors of managers‚ owners and shareholders. Firm managers may have personal goals that conflict with the owner’s goals of maximizing shareholder wealth. Potential conflicts occur when managers seek to maximize their own utility at the expense of the firm’s shareholders. Conflict between owners and managers typically arise
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Origin of the Term Paper: This term paper is a requirement for the course Managerial Finance (FIN435) under our honorable instructor Md. Lutfur Rahman‚ the Department of Business Administration‚ East West University. Objectives of the study: As a part of the course Managerial Finance‚ we had the opportunity to prepare a term paper on Dividend policy and capital structure of the following DSE listed firms- ← Pran (AMCL) ← BATBC ← Dhaka Fisheries ← National Tea ← Apex
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transaction cost economics. Some organizations struggle whether or not to outsource the IT division. The company has two choices for any economic activity: going outside to market or perform the activities in-house. In any case‚ the cost of the activity is divided into production costs‚ and transaction costs. Production costs in the case of the in-house division‚ includes hardware and software‚ whereas the transaction cost‚ which are the activities related to implementing the economic activity includes
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10% (amounts to $95‚000) cause the seller to adjust the price to $1‚005‚000 and $1‚045‚000. This is above the value placed by the buyer. As such‚ the transaction does not go through. | | | | | * Question 3 1 out of 1 points | | | Economic profits are: Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | b. [Total Sales Revenue] - [Market Value of all the Resources Employed in the Production Process] | Correct Answer: | b. [Total Sales Revenue] - [Market Value of all the Resources Employed
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