are‚ of course‚ other types of mistake than mistakes in reasoning. For instance‚ factual mistakes are sometimes referred to as "fallacies". However‚ the Fallacy Files is specifically concerned‚ not with factual errors‚ but with logical ones. In logic‚ the term "fallacy" is used in two related‚ but distinct ways. For example: 1. "Argumentum ad Hominem is a fallacy." 2. "Your argument is a fallacy." In 1‚ what is called a "fallacy" is a type of argument‚ so "fallacy" in this sense is a type
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IMSC 500 TERM PAPER FUZZY LOGIC How can a logic which is "fuzzy" be useful? As humans‚ we often rely on imprecise expressions like "usually"‚ "expensive"‚ or "far". But the comprehension of a computer is limited to a black-white‚ everything-or-nothing‚ or true-false mode of thinking. Within conventional logic‚ terms can be only "true" or "false" i.e. either 0 or 1. Fuzzy logic allows a generalization of conventional logic. It provides for terms between "true" and "false" like "almost true"
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Fuzzy Logic B.Vasanth‚ Electrical and Electronics Department‚ Rajalakshmi Engineering College Thandalam‚ Chennai‚ India vasanth1508@gmail.com I. INTRODUCTION Fuzzy logic was developed by Lotfi A. Zadeh in the 1960s in order to provide mathematical rules and functions which permitted natural language queries. Fuzzy logic provides a means of calculating intermediate values between absolute true and absolute false with resulting values ranging between 0.0 and 1.0. With fuzzy logic‚ it is
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Section 1.1 Propositional Logic 1 CHAPTER 1 The Foundations: Logic and Proofs SECTION 1.1 Propositional Logic 2. Propositions must have clearly defined truth values‚ so a proposition must be a declarative sentence with no free variables. a) This is not a proposition; it’s a command. b) This is not a proposition; it’s a question. c) This is a proposition that is false‚ as anyone who has been to Maine knows. d) This is not a proposition; its truth value depends on the value of
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Mathematical logic From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Mathematical logic is a subfield of mathematics exploring the applications of formal logic to mathematics. Topically‚ mathematical logic bears close connections to metamathematics‚ the foundations of mathematics‚ and theoretical computer science.[1] The unifying themes in mathematical logic include the study of the expressive power of formal systems and the deductive power of formal proof systems. Mathematical logic is often divided into
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THE LOGIC OF ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance (commonly abbreviated as ANOVA)‚ more specifically‚ we will take up an application known as one-way ANOVA. Many statisticians think of ANOVA as an extension of the difference of means test because it’s based‚ in part‚ on a comparison of sample means. At the same time‚ however‚ the procedure involves a comparison of different estimates of population variance—hence the name analysis of variance. Because ANOVA is appropriate for research involving three or
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Business Logic & Software Development Business Logic: In computer software‚ business logic or domain logic is the part of the program that encodes the real-world business rules that determine how data can be created‚ displayed‚ stored‚ and changed. It is contrasted with the remainder of the software which might be concerned with lower-level details of managing a database or displaying the user interface‚ system infrastructure‚ or generally connecting various parts of the program. The main components
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What is logic?Is it beneficial to think in a logically consistent manner? Logic is the science that evaluates arguments.It aimes to create parameteers on the bassis of which we can distinguish consistent arguments from inconsistent or feeble ones. A logically embellished mind is a jewel on its own and its importance can hardly be undermined.A grasp on logic and its attributes enables a person to improve the quality of one’s arguments and present his ideas in a manner that they make their poitn
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Explain the Logic of Mercantilism and Why it is Generally Viewed as a Deficient Theory Gretchen Serrao Nova Southeastern University Explain the Logic of Mercantilism and Why it is Generally Viewed as a Deficient Theory Mercantilism was an economic system that developed in Europe between the 16th and 18th century during the period of the new monarchies. This economic philosophy is based on the belief that a nation’s wealth depends on accumulated treasure‚ usually
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Logic model Brief history of evaluation and the logic Model Scriven (1991) would argue that evaluation has been around for many years‚ and is only now recognised as a discipline. He would go further and say it is like a knowledge which has been around for a decade before we were discussing its use‚ nature and logic. It is essentially different from science in its methods and thought. He would argue it is only recently we have appreciated its value as a discipline we still have a long way to go.
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