------------------------------------------------- Travelling salesman problem The travelling salesman problem (TSP) or travelling salesperson problem asks the following question: Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities‚ what is the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the origin city? It is an NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization‚ important in operations research and theoretical computer science. The problem was first formulated
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chief (Rui Polonah)‚ he is learning the fine points of hunting and fishing with a bow and arrow. As it turns out‚ the chief had taken pity on the boy and spirited him away from the "Termite People." He decided that he would be better off in "the World‚" as the "Invisible People" describe the rainforest. The "Termite People" are like insects since they have been tearing down the big trees. Tommy’s father has never lost hope that he can discover his son and organizes an expedition into the heart of
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Early Hominids and Tools Jacky Thompson ANT 101 March 20‚ 2013 Even though humans seem to be the most advanced creatures walking this earth‚ we certainly had ancestors before us. We share similar genetic information of other animals. They are what we consider early hominids. Early hominids date as far back as 6 to 8 million years ago. Just like humans‚ they had to have some type of culture in order to survive and make a living. Culture is defined as a dynamic adaptive process of learned
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All animals face the same problems in adapting to the desert. They must find shelter from daytime heat and nighttime cold‚ as well as find food and water‚ which are often scarce. Yet‚ in spite of these extreme conditions‚ most animal species are represented in the desert environment‚ even some we typically associate with temperate or wet surroundings. Invertebrates Animals without backbones are called invertebrates. They include simple desert animals such as worms‚ and more complex animals such
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attract insects. Each Ophrys species has its own insect that it depends on for pollination. Bumblebee Orchids are completely dependent upon bumblebees (Eucera algira). Each flower has a lip that tricks the insect visually and by mimicking female pheromones that attract the males. The Bumblebee Orchid has 2 to 3 flowers that look and smell so much like female bumble bees‚ that the chemical signals stimulate the bees sexually. The smell‚ look‚ and feel of the lip of the flowers mimic female bumblebees
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Multiple Choice. 3 points per question CLEARLY CIRCLE THE LETTER WHICH INDICATES THE BEST ANSWER FOR THE PROBLEM. 1. In a negligence case‚ the plaintiff must establish: d a. duty‚ strict liability‚ causation‚ and injury. b. mens rea‚ breach‚ foreseeable harm‚ and injury. c. duty‚ actus reus‚ foreseeable harm‚ and causation. d. duty of due care‚ breach‚ causation‚ foreseeable harm‚ and injury. 2. The elements in a defamation case are: a a. defamatory statement; falseness; communication;
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African Savannas The African Savanna is one of the largest tropical grasslands in the world. Tropical grasslands are known to have 90-150 cm of rainfall every year‚ a large area filled with grass‚ and being warm year round with a dry and rainy period. The climate in an African Savanna can range from 68o to 86oF. There are two seasons that are dry and wet on the environment‚ the winter lasts from October to March. The dry climate is caused by the lack of precipitation which can result in droughts
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(Altun and Hall‚ 2010). Each amphid includes twelve ciliated sensory neurons (AFD‚ ADF‚ ADL‚ ASE‚ ASG‚ ASH‚ ASI‚ ASJ‚ ASK‚ AWA‚ AWB‚ AWC) that function in taste reception‚ olfaction‚ nociception‚ osmotaxis‚ thermosensation‚ mechanosensation‚ and pheromone perception (Bargmann and Mori‚ 1997; Driscoll and Kaplan‚ 1997; Riddle and Albert‚ 1997; Bargmann‚ 2006; Altun and Hall‚ 2010; Figure 3). In addition‚ each amphid sensory neuron expresses a specific set of candidate receptors‚ G protein-coupled receptors
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causes a change in another animals behavior Communication- the transmission and reception of signals Animals is visual‚ chemical‚ tactile and auditory signals. Many animals that communicate through odors emit chemical substances called pheromones Innate behavior is developmentally fixed and under strong genetic influence Learning is the modification of behavior based on specific experiences Imprinting is a behavior that includes learning and innate components and is generally irreversible
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AP Biology Outline for Behavior Territoriality - behavior of animals that enables individuals to occupy and dominate an area. Territory is an area where one or more individuals defend the area. Thus the two are interpedently interacting with each other to defend the area. Dominance Hierarchies social organizations in which some individuals of the group have adopted a subordinate status to others. The role of this in social behavior is that it shows that the subordinate individuals are depended
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