1. INTRODUCTION The sun is the largest source of renewable energy and this energy is abundantly available in all parts of the earth. It is in fact one of the best alternatives to the non-renewable sources of energy. Solar energy has been used since prehistoric times‚ but in a most primitive manner. Before 1970‚ some research and development was carried out in a few countries to exploit solar energy more efficiently‚ but most of this work remained mainly academic . After the dramatic rise in oil
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Organic Chemistry - Introduction 1 2812 Basic definitions for organic chemistry Scope Organic chemistry is a vast subject so it is easier to split it into small sections for study. This is usually done by studying compounds which behave in a similar way because they have a particular atom‚ or group of atoms‚ (FUNCTIONAL GROUP) in their structure. Catenation The ability to form bonds between atoms of the same element. Carbon catenates to form chains and rings‚ with single‚ double
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point (94-96 C)‚ performing a solubility test‚ Beilstien test‚ Ignition test‚ and the appropriate functional group tests. An infrared spectrum and an NMR spectrum were then obtained and confirmation of the compound was proved. 2-butanol (sec-butyl alcohol) Introduction: The determination of unknowns is an important skill to organic chemist that involves choosing of appropriate tests‚ analysis/observation‚ and deductive reasoning to precisely categorize and identify the compound. The physical
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Functional Groups of Organic Compounds A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms in the HC derivative other than carbon and hydrogen. Literally‚ the functional group determines the functions of the particular HC derivative in chemical reactions. This means that the specific properties of the HC derivative are due to its functional group. Each functional group is attached to an alkyl radical (R). An alkyl radical is one H atom less than the given alkane. The alkyl radical (R) uses
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performance over the past nine months. There are several reasons causing the sales performance figures currently stemming from NASA to be incomparable with the EROW numbers‚ including the current practice of transferring large quantities of regular butyl rubber from the Sarnia to the Antwerp production facilities. As Polysar operates globally‚ it is also important to consider certain international aspects and specific risks. These include‚ foreign currency exchange fluctuations‚ potentially creating
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Qualitative Analysis Lab Report Organic Chemistry Laboratory II ABSTRACT: The purpose of this lab was to separate and purify two unknown compounds‚ one solid and one liquid‚ from an ethereal solution using the techniques of chemically active extraction‚ vacuum filtration‚ simple distillation‚ and recrystallization. Then identifying information was compiled about these unknowns by obtaining experimental melting/boiling point ranges‚ and analyzing IR and proton/carbon NMR spectrums It was determined
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Abstract A simple‚ precise and accurate solvent extraction method is described for the separation and estimation of Indium in geological materials. Solvent extraction of Indium from 6 M HCl medium using tri-n-butyl phosphate‚ selectively separates Indium from accompanying elements in different type of geological samples. Acid hydrolysis of Nb/Ta samples separates Indium from major matrix elements like Nb and Ta and the remaining elements do not influence the selective extraction and preconcentration
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South Africa. b. Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology‚ University of Bath‚ United Kingdom. Abstract Synthesis of sodium butyldithiocarbamate pentahydrate‚ C5H20NNaO5S2‚ entailed a one-pot synthesis. The process of synthesis involved the use of butyl amine‚ carbon(IV) sulfide and sodium hydroxide at a temperature < 0oC. Crystals were obtained and the compound was characterized with elemental analysis‚ Fourier infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR)‚ Ultra-violet visible (UV-VIS)
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Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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22.12.2009 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 342/59 REGULATION (EC) No 1223/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products (recast) (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EURO PEAN UNION‚ (5) Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Commu nity‚ and in particular Article 95 thereof‚ Having regard to the proposal from the Commission‚ Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic
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