groups like alkyl chloride or bromides. In addition‚ chlorine atoms can possibly be made from molecular chlorine under low to mild conditions with the usage of a catalytic amount of an initiator. Sulfuryl chloride is used in this lab instead of molecular chloride for safety purposes. Free radical chain of chlorination takes palace in three separate steps. These steps are the initiation step‚ the propagation step and the termination. The purpose
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manganate(VII). If a solution of potassium manganate(VII) is placed in a test tube and a light green solution of iron(II) chloride is added to the test tube‚ the purple colour of the manganate(VII) ions disappears. The manganate(VII) oxidises the iron(II) chloride to iron(III) chloride and colourless Mn2+ ions are formed. Potassium manganate(VII) and iron(II) chloride Acidified potassium manganate(VII) is a strong oxidising agent so it can be used to oxidise substances. If a reaction occurs
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Reaction of acids with metal: Acids give hydrogen gas along with respective salt when they react with a metal. Example:- Hydrogen gas and zinc chloride are formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal. Hydrogen gas and sodium chloride are formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium metal. Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with iron. Hydrogen gas and zinc sulphate are formed when zinc metal reacts with sulphuric acid Test for
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counterparts‚ require reactive electrophiles with significant carbocation character. One of the most common ways to alkylate an aromatic ring is to use an alkyl chloride electrophile that is activated by the addition of aluminum or iron trichloride. The metal chloride serves as a Lewis acid‚ accepting electron density from the alkyl chloride. This has the effect of magnifying the carbon-chlorine dipole‚ making the carbon end more electropositive - and thus more electrophilic – even to the point where
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soluble in water e.g. * sodium nitrate * ammonium nitrate * copper (II) nitrate * lead (II) nitrate * zinc nitrate * potassium nitrate All POTASSIUM‚ SODIUM and AMMONIUM compounds are soluble in water e.g. * ammonium chloride * sodium sulphate * potassium carbonate * sodium hydroxide * potassium oxide Table I showing rules for solubility in water SALTS | SOLUBLE
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and to create a Grignard reagent that will in turn‚ form a tertiary alcohol. Table of Physical Constants |Name |MW |mL/g used |Moles used |Density |M.P. |B.P. | |n-butyl bromide |137.02 g/mol | | |1.2686 g/cm3 |-112.4 C |101.6 C | |Anhydrous ether |74.12 g/mol | | |0.7134 g/cm3 |-116.3 C |34.6 C
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Conductivity Lab | Did conduct | Did not conduct | Solid sodium chloride | | | Solid sucrose | | | Distilled water | | | Alcohol | | | Tap Water | | | Distilled water and sodium chloride | | | Distilled water and sucrose | | | Alcohol and sodium chloride | | | Alcohol and sucrose | | | Questions: 2). Did any of the liquids conduct an electric current? If so‚ which one(s)‚ and please explain why or why not thoroughly? The tap water contains ions
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chemical formula. In this experiment‚ we used the law of definite proportions to find the chemical formula for a hydrated compound containing copper‚ chlorine‚ and water molecules locked in the crystal structure of the solid compound of Copper Chloride Hydrate. First we will gently heat a sample of the compound to drive off the water of hydration. By measuring the mass of the sample before and after heating we can determine the amount of water in the sample. Second‚ we will conduct a chemical
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September 13‚ 2012 ------------------------------------------------- Abstract Carboxylic acid derivatives namely‚ acyl halides‚ acid anhydrides‚ esters and amides were classified through different reactivity tests. The samples used were acetyl chloride for acyl halide group‚ acetic anhydride for acid anhydride group‚ ethyl acetate for ester group‚ acetamide and benzamide for amide group. These derivatives were identified through the mechanism of hydrolysis‚ alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions
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Determination of Chloride in Urine in Different Circumstances Aim: To determine the chloride content by titrating mixtures of urine against potassium thiocyanate under in different circumstances. Research Question: How do different conditions of urine samples collected affect its concentration of chloride which is measured by titrating the mixture of urine with potassium thiocyanate until it turns red? Hypothesis: The greater the consumption of food‚ the higher the chloride concentration
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