“Sound organization structure is an essential prerequisite of efficient management” – Discuss this statement and point out the various principles which should be followed in developing organization structure Introduction Organization is the backbone of management. Without efficient organization‚ no management can perform its functions smoothly. Sound organization contributes greatly to the continuity and success of the enterprise. Once A. Carnegie‚ an American industrialist‚ said‚ “Take away our
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The dictionary defines it as “a broken piece of a brittle artifact” and we call it a mind-blowing architectural masterpiece‚ the new monumental signature of London‚ the conception of a genius‚ delicately crafted and poetically christened‚ The Shard. Sky scrapers are known to be the symbol of modern city for a few centuries and The London Shard - known to be the tallest building in Western Europe stands proudly at 310 meters tall with 95 floors of city life i.e. shops‚ offices‚ restaurants‚ hotels
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From the Efficient Market Hypothesis to Behavioral Finance How Investors’ Psychology Changes the Vision of Financial Markets by ADAM SZYSZKA Poznan University of Economics Poland adam.szyszka@ae.poznan.pl I. Introduction The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has been the key proposition of traditional (neoclassical) finance for almost forty years. In his classic paper‚ Fama (1970) defined an efficient market as one in which “security prices always fully reflect the available information”
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London Docklands Case Study: London 1981: After World War II the population was in decline die to people moving out fro a quieter life. Unemployment was at 60% amongst adult males. After the docks closed 10‚000 people were put out of work Before London’s docklands had been UK’s largest manufacturing area of 1970s. Lost 16% of population due to counter urbanisation. Causes of the decline 1. COUNTER URBANISATON: 1. London experienced net out migration and this is known as
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Stock Market Crash of 1929 Essay The stock market crash of 1929 ensuing the great depression affected the social‚ political‚ and economic setting of the 1930’s. Lasting till the mid 1930’s the economic depression devastated countries and common people’s lives. The problems that caused these affects are people in debt‚ greatly lower goods purchasing‚ and views of how government should play a role in citizen’s lives. Political conflicts of the government role in citizen’s lives raged throughout politics
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is documented as the worst stock market crash in history. There are several factors which affect the stock market crash in 1987. However‚ the popular explanation for the crash is the selling of program trader‚ portfolio insurance and the great storm of 1987. Program trading is the use of computers in stock market to engage in arbitrage and portfolio insurance strategies. Through the 1970s and early 1980s‚ computers were becoming more important. As a result‚ the market was being controlled more
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The Stock Market Crash was the one of the most substantial events to happen in America during the 1930’s and in all of American History. “The Great Crash”‚ as it is called by many‚ changed the way American stock market was run and the American way of life. This pushed new rules and regulations to be put into place that we could not do without today. The Stock Market crashed eighty percent in less than two weeks‚ leaving most stocks worth nearly nothing of what they used to be worth. The stocks fell
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29) All of the following features may be characteristic of preferred stock EXCEPT A) callable. B) no maturity date. C) tax-deductible dividends. D) convertible. Answer: c If a firm has class A and class B common stock outstanding‚ it means that A) each class receives a different dividend. B) the par value of each class is different. C) the dividend paid to one of the classes is tax deductible by the corporation
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Impacts of a Strong Yen Strong Yen and its impacts on Japanese economy The fluctuating of yen in the economy‚ mostly the appreciation‚ is a major concern for the economic world. According to Kawanishi (2001)‚ by 1999‚ the strong yen had emerged as a problem to the economy of Japan. The issue of the rising Japan’s Yen is among the top issue on Japan’s economy that is partly within the control of the government. Since Japan’s dominance in the economic industry to its economic greatness‚ there
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development site within the City of London‚ critically appraise the extent to which that development delivers successful modern property development whilst at the same time respecting the historic sense of identity of the City of London as identified by Glinert. The City of London sometimes referred to as ‘the square mile’ denotes the area within the original old walled city built by the Romans in about AD50.1 One can still see evidence of roman heritage by visiting the London wall‚ built in around 200AD
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