Table of Contents Introduction 2 I. The nature and purpose of the budgeting process to the company’s Director 3 1. Definition of budgeting process 3 2. Purposes of budget 3 3. Budgeting process’s steps 4 4. Types of budgets 6 II. Appropriate budgeting methods and its needs for The Enterprise Company 7 1. Zero-based budgeting method 7 2. Incremental budgeting method 8 3. Flexible budgeting method 10 4. Static (master) budget method 10 5. Suggesting comfortable
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Usefulness Theory 5 Critical Accounting Theory and Critical Theory 6 System-Oriented Theories 7 Open System Theories 8 Behavioral Decision Theory 9 Legitimacy Theory 10 Political Economy Theory 11 Institutional Theory 12 Stakeholder Theory 13 Agency Theory 14 Normative Theory 15 Public Interest Theory 16 Capture Theory 17 Economic Interest Theory/Private Interest Theory 17 Positive Accounting Theory 18 Chambers ’ Theory of Accounting 19 Trickle Down theory
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Treatment of Consolidated Environmental Accounting The business activities of companies and other organizations in the modern socio-economic system have expanded in scale‚ diversified‚ and become globalized to a degree not experienced previously. A great number of companies have been established corresponding to each purpose‚ and group management is practiced. In a group management system‚ the independent decision-making ability of group companies is limited. At the same time‚ the primary objective
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Accounting Concepts Underlying Assumptions‚ Principles‚ and Conventions Assumptions The following are basic financial accounting assumptions: Separate entity assumption - the business is an entity that is separate and distinct from its owners‚ so that the finances of the firm are not co-mingled with the finances of the owners. • Going concern assumption - the business is going to be operating for the foreseeable future. Stable monetary unit assumption - e.g. the U.S. dollar • Fixed
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Marketing involves satisfaction of consumer needs’: Man is a social animal. Human needs and wants are shaped by interplay of various social forces. Marketing evolves through this peculiar social system. It involves relationships among members of the society. It helps business enterprises to estimate consumer demand and produce for their satisfactory consumption. It helps in anticipating customer demand and creating satisfied customers through conception‚ production‚ promotion and physical distribution
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Jim McFie‚ a Fellow of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya FASB (the Financial Accounting Standards Board‚ a US body) was the first organization to develop “Concepts Statements”. All the other “Concepts Statements” have been based on those developed by FASB. A new “Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting” was worked on jointly by FASB and IASB (the International Accounting Standards Board) and was published simultaneously by FASB and IASB in September 2010. It deals with
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11.2 a. Determine the current value of the bond if present market conditions justify a 14 percent required rate of return. PV = CF^n / (1 +i) ^n PV = CF n / (1 + i)^4 PV = 70 / (1 + .14) ^4 PV = 70 / (1.14) ^4 PV = 70/ 1.14 + 70/ 1.30 + 70/ 1.48 + 70/ 1.69 PV = 61.40 + 53.85 + 47.30 + 41.42 = $203.97 PV of the par value = 1‚000 PV = $203.97 + 1‚000 = $1203.97 b. Now‚ suppose Twin Oaks’ four-year bond had semiannual coupon payments. What would be its current value? (Assume a 7 percent
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Case 10-2 1. Ida needs to test the U.S. commercial building for recoverability under both U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. Recoverability test is one of the requirement tests for impairment. As a result‚ we need to verify if impairment should be recognized. 2. The impairement is $600‚000. GAAP methodology of determining impairment uses a two-step recoverability test. Step one‚ requires a company to estimate the future undiscounted cash flows expected from the use of that asset and its eventual disposition
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Writing AE2 Task 1: Choose the appropriate connectives below to fill in the blanks in the following text and put them in the boxes (2 x 10 = 20 pts). 1. Furthermore 2. and consequently 3. In my opinion 4. especially 5. First of all 6. To me‚ however 7. To put it another way 8. Lastly 9. Admittedly 10. Even so The issue of whether sex education should be introduced in all schools at secondary level has been an on-going debate for quite some time. __ (a) __ ‚ such education
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