The Effect of Caffeine on Athletes during Endurance Sports Caffeine is a mild stimulant that is found naturally in at least 63 plant species. Caffeine can be found in the leaves‚ stems‚ seeds‚ and roots of these various plants. It is also part of the methylxanthine family. Caffeine consists of a xanthine molecule with three methyl groups attached to it (Wikipedia). Caffeine can be found in many products like sodas‚ tea‚ and coffee‚ but it also occurs in several other products such as prescription
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RATE OF REACTIONS. The reaction rate (rate of reaction) or speed of reaction for a reactant or product in a particular reaction is intuitively defined as how fast or slow a reaction takes place. For example‚ the oxidative rusting of iron under the atmosphere is a slow reaction that can take many years‚ but the combustion of cellulose in a fire is a reaction that takes place in fractions of a second (right). Chemical kinetics is the part of physical chemistry that studies reaction rates. The concepts
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The Correlation between the Diffusion Rate of a Substance and its Molecular Weight ABSTRACT To test the effect of molecular weight on the rate of diffusion‚ various experiments were performed. One of which is the glass tube test wherein cotton balls of the same size were moistened in two different substances (NH4OH and HCl). These cotton balls were plugged at each side of a glass tube. After some time‚ formation of a white ring occurred. The white ring‚ in fact‚ is a product of the reaction between
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Rates of Reaction Coursework Aim: To find out how different concentrations of sodium thiosulphate (Na S2 O3) affects the speed of its reaction with Hydrochloric acid (HCL). Introduction When Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid react they produce a cloudy precipitate. Both of the chemicals are clear solutions and they react together to form a yellow precipitate of sulphur‚ the equation for this reaction is: Na2 S2 O3 + HCL‚ H2 O + NaCL + SO2 + S Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric
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Aim: To determine the effect of altering concentration (mol dm-3) of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the rate of reaction (mol dm-3 s-1) for the following chemical reaction: CaCO3(s) + HCl(aq) CaCl2(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Research question: How does altering concentration (mol dm-3) of hydrochloric acid (HCl) affect the rate of reaction (g/s) for the following reaction: CaCO3(s) + HCl(aq) CaCl2(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Background information: The reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid
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essential parameters that effect product quality and shelf life. The quality of dried foods is dependent in part on changes occurring during processing and storage. Some of these changes involve modification of the physical structure. These modifications affect texture‚ rehydrability and appearance. Other changes are due to chemical reactions‚ but these are also affected by physical structure‚ primarily due to effects on diffusivities of reactants and of reaction products. The most commonly examined properties
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LABUAN SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND FINANCE UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH LABUAN INTERNATIONAL CAMPUS GB30703 INTERNATIONAL MONEY AND CAPITAL MARKETS INTEREST RATE AND EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES SEMESTER 1‚ 2013/2014 PREPARED TO: MR. RICKY CHIA CHEE JIUN PREPARED BY: NO. NAME MATRIC NO. HP. NO. 1 MUHAMMAD RIDZWAN BIN ABD RAHMAN BG11110337 013-6604707 SUBMISSION DATE: 10th DECEMBER 2013 Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADF
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Resting metabolic rate can vary with age independently from body mass changes in the Colorado potato beetle‚ Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Abstract A study was done by Saija Pironine‚ leena Lindstrom‚ and Anne Lyytinen in the Journal of Insect Physiology‚ to investigate the age dependence of resting metabolic rate in Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsadecemlineata) from adult emergence until age 10 days. In their hypothesis they expected to see a bell shaped pattern in metabolic rate with adult age
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Kinetics 6.1 Rates of reaction 6.2 Collision theory 6 16.1 Rate Expression (AHL) 16.2 Reaction mechanism (AHL) 16.3 Activation energy (AHL) 6.1 Rates of reaction 6.1.1 Define the term rate of reaction. 6.1.2 Describe suitable experimental procedures for measuring rates of reactions. 6.1.3 Analyse data from rate experiments. © IBO 2007 Figure 601 An explosion is a quick reaction D ifferent chemical reactions occur at different rates (i.e. speeds). Some
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Gambling and Public Policy RONALD M. PAVALKO Abstract The expansion of legalized gambling poses a number of issues for policymakers. Two related issues‚ which have not been dealt with extensively from a public policy perspective‚ are examined in this commentary: state responsibility for addressing pathological and problem gambling‚ and the legal status and regulation of Internet gambling. A review of the recommendations of the 1998 National Gambling Impact Study Commission on pathological and problem
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