delegates the decision-making authority to the manager. The costs of divergent behaviour that arises as a result of the agency relationship are referred to as agency costs. Furthermore‚ Watts and Zimmerman (1978) developed the theory of positive accounting which is focused on the assumption that ‘all individual action is driven by self-interest and that individuals will act in an opportunistic manner to increase their wealth’. Based on Watts and Zimmerman’s theory‚ Deegan suggests that owners would
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21. General-purpose financial statements are the product of a. financial accounting. b. managerial accounting. c. both financial and managerial accounting. d. neither financial nor managerial accounting. 22. Users of financial reports include all of the following except a. creditors. b. government agencies. c. unions. d. All of these are users. 23. The financial statements most frequently provided include all of the following
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Chapter 10 Standard Costs and the Balanced Scorecard Solutions to Questions 10-1 A quantity standard indicates how much of an input should be used to make a unit of output. A price standard indicates how much the input should cost. 10-2 Ideal standards assume perfection and do not allow for any inefficiency. Thus‚ ideal standards are rarely‚ if ever‚ attained. Practical standards can be attained by employees working at a reasonable‚ though efficient pace and allow for normal breaks
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United States: the SEC‚ the AICPA‚ and the FASB. A separate but similar set of rules and principles govern state and local government reporting‚ as determined by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). Accountants generally apply GAAP through the use of FASB pronouncements referred to as Financial Accounting Standards (FASs)‚ which are periodically published in industry bulletins. There are more than 100 FASs that have been issued over the years. They are supplemented by formal opinions and
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Introduction Schipper (2003) who is a member of FASB conducted a study on the rules-based and principles-based accounting standards. The aim of this article is to discuss the attributes and potential effects of transferring from rules-based standards to principles-based standards. To some extent this article is critical‚ but several limitations need to be discussed‚ such as implementation guidance. Summary Schipper (2003) demonstrated that there was a long-running debate on whether U.S. GAAP
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FASB ASC CITATION: Adjustments to Lower of Cost or Market 330-10-35-1 A departure from the cost basis of pricing the inventory is required when the utility of the goods is no longer as great as their cost. Where there is evidence that the utility of goods‚ in their disposal in the ordinary course of business‚ will be less than cost The inventory has a financial importance as it is purchased and recorded at its historical cost or original cost. With respect to a perpetual inventory system
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Accounting Standards Boards Leslie Brian ACC/541 November 14‚ 2011 Delphine Agnor Wolsker Accounting Standards Boards The field of accounting is constantly evolving. This is true not only for the theory of accounting itself but also the entities that govern its theory and practice. Presently‚ the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are faced with some of the biggest challenges to date. To understand the significance
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Reporting Council (FRC) announced that Australia would adopt the accounting standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) from 2005(Baxter 2005). After the first of July 2005‚ the new standards (IFRS) start to use across national border. companies would be required to report current results under IFRS and restate recent results. They will also have to report their latest results under the old accounting standard‚ which should make comparing results on a like-for-like basis
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value in the new standards specifically. Finally in combination with the concrete background in China‚ we put forward some advices on the carrying out of the fair value in the accounting practice. [Key words] Fair Value; China new accounting standard Since January 1‚ 2007‚ the China new accounting standards will become mandatory for listed Chinese enterprises. The adoption of the new China accounting standards system brings about substantial convergence between Chinese standards and International
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Governmental Accounting Standards Board and Financial Accounting Standards Board Analysis Paper ACC/460 October 28‚ 2013 Governmental Accounting Standards Board and Financial Accounting Standards Board Analysis Paper The purpose of this paper is to review‚ compare‚ and show the contrast between the two accounting standard boards; Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB)‚ and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). The objectives of both Boards will be discussed as well as similarities
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