ARTICLE IN PRESS doi:10.1510/icvts.2009.203182 Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 9 (2009) 500–505 www.icvts.org State-of-the-art - Cardiac general Robot-assisted cardiac surgery Paul Modi‚ Evelio Rodriguez‚ W. Randolph Chitwood Jr.* East Carolina Heart Institute‚ East Carolina University‚ Pitt County Memorial Hospital‚ 600 Moye Boulevard‚ Greenville‚ NC 27834‚ USA Received 10 February 2009; received in revised form 5 June 2009; accepted 7 June 2009 Summary Recognition
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stenosis is a narrowing or blockage of the mitral valve‚ the narrowed valve causes blood to back-up into the heart’s upper-left chamber instead of flowing into the lower-left chamber. Atrial septal defect‚ also known as ASD‚ is a “hole” in the wall that separates the top two chambers of the heart. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)‚ is the opposite of ASD‚ it is a hole in the wall separating the two lower chambers of the heart. Tetralogy of fallot is a combination of four different problems: a hold between
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Where do you think would be the best place to auscultate Caleb’s abnormal heart sound? Explain your answer. The abnormal heart sounds would best be heard over the tricuspid area – the lower left sternal border. This is the area which overlies the defect. 2. Caleb has abnormal heart sounds that tipped the doctor off to a problem. a. Name the normal sounds of the heart and indicate what causes these sounds. The normal sounds of the heart are “lub-dup” are caused by the opening and closing of the
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CS 2: 15 points K.R. is a 46-year-old man admitted to the emergency department with unremitting chest discomfort. The pain started while he was shoveling snow from his walkway. He had experienced chest discomfort with activity previously‚ but the pain had subsided with rest and he sought no medical help. This time the pain did not subside and became increasingly severe‚ radiating to his left arm and lower jaw. In the emergency department‚ an ECG and cardiac enzymes were obtained. The cardiac
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of arrhythmias include‚ supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)‚ heart block‚ atrial premature contraction (APC)‚ atrial flutter‚ atrial fibrillation (AF)‚ ventricle premature contraction‚ ventricle tachycardia (VT)‚ and ventricle fibrillation. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is when the heart no longer pumps efficiently due to a prolonged underlying condition such as CAD‚ previous myocardial infarction‚ congenital defects‚ or high blood pressure. As previously stated these to body systems work
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TIAs are powerful forerunners of stroke. Approximately 10% of patients diagnosed as having a TIA have a stroke in the 90 days following the TIA diagnosis‚ with half of them having a stroke within 2 days of the TIA. TIAs are short-lived episodes of acute‚ focal‚ nonconvulsive neurologic dysfunction presumably caused by reversible ischemia to an area of the retina or brain. Onset of symptoms is sudden and often unprovoked‚ reaching maximum intensity almost immediately. Completed Stroke A completed
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CVA Patients Profile Patient name: ABC Age: 32 yrs. Old Sex: Male Date of Admission: February 07‚ 2013 Admitting diagnosis: CVA prob. Thromboembolic Infarct GCS: 11 (Lethargic) V/S taken as follows: BP= 110/80 mmHg RR= 24 CPM PR= 82 BPM Temperature= 38.0 ͦC Patient’s History * Past medical history of Bell’s Palsy * Mild Stoke Introduction Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or Stroke‚ is the rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the
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Angina Chest pain signs clenching fist symptoms diaphoresis‚ cold sweats‚ pallor‚ grayness‚ Palpitations‚ dyspnea‚ nausea‚ tachycardia‚ fatigue Dyspnea Shortness of breath difficult‚ labored breathing- quantify exactly. Paroxysmal‚ (sudden increase in symptoms)‚ constant or intermittent‚ recumbent‚ paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) -- heart failure Orthopnea the need to assume a more upright position to breathe (note exact number of pillows used) Cyanosis/Pallor dusky blue mottling of the skin
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sounds are heard in the 2nd intercostal space‚ which is at the right sternal margin (Marieb & Hoehn‚ 2015‚ 671-673). b. Where do you think would be the best place to auscultate Caleb’s abnormal heart sound? Explain your answer. Because Caleb’s defect lies between his left and right ventricles‚ the best place to hear Caleb’s abnormal heart
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two chamber Pre Test • 3) A breast cancer patient has significant shortness of breath symptoms and echo reveals a moderate sized pericardial effusion. Which of the following echo features does not support tamponade physiology? – – – – A) Right atrial systolic collapse B) Right ventricular diastolic collapse C) Inferior vena cava collapse D) Marked respiratory variation of tricuspid valve inflow Pre Test • 4) The following echo features are noted in a patient with shortness of breath and dyspnea
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