against artery walls when the heart is at rest and contracting. Systolic BP (SBP) reflects the change in artery pressures related to ventricular SV (McLean‚ 2015). In this case study‚ the underlying arrhythmia for the patient was determined to be atrial fibrillation (AF). Patient’s last BP measure was 80/50. Will this new diagnosis improve the patient’s BP? Not really. While adenosine may slow the electrical conduction rate of the heart‚ the pathophysiology of AF still creates a problem for a normal
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Atrial Fibrillation and the clinical impact Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) is most frequent cardiac arrhythmias that characterized by extremely rapid irregular atrial rhythm; resulted from ectopic focal impulses production. An estimated prevalence of 33.5 million people suffering from AFib with the incidence of 5 million new cases annually. Associate with the substantial clinical complications like heart failure‚ embolus such as cerebral emboli with a portion of 25%-30% of all acute ischemic stroke
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coronary sinus and smaller coronary veins). At the same time‚ the pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. During the early diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle‚ both ventricles relax and fill from their respective atrial sources. The atrio-ventricular valves (the tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle; the mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle) open and allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles. The
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(a‚c‚v) and 2 descents ( x‚y). ( A) wave: is reflect the atrial contraction ‚ follows the p wave on ECG waveform ‚ and it is not showed on atrial fibrillation. This wave is reflect the end diastole
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to contract again (1). This is what feels like a skipped beat‚ and it appears like one too on an ECG because there is a big pause between atrial contractions. To cause the ventricles to contract early‚ an electrical stimulus (or one of many other problems that could potentially affect the heart‚ in this case it is electrical shock) must be applied during atrial relaxation to cause the ventricles to contract before the atria. Different chemicals‚ or reagents‚ cause different things to happen to the
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MUSCULOSKELETAL FRACTURES ● Fracture is a disruption or break in the continuity of the bone structure. ● Traumatic injuries account for the majority of fractures. ● Fractures can be classified as displaced (open) or nondisplaced (closed) depending on communication or noncommunication with the external environment. ● Signs include immediate localized pain‚ decreased function‚ and inability to bear weight or use affected part. Obvious bone deformity may be present. ● Bone goes through eight stages of selfhealing (union)
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heart‚ and identify the electrical events associated with a normal electrocardiogram. © 2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. An Introduction to the Cardiovascular System • Learning Outcomes • 20-3 Explain the events of the cardiac cycle‚ including atrial and ventricular systole and diastole‚ and relate the heart sounds to specific events in the cycle. • 20-4 Define cardiac output‚ describe the factors that influence heart rate and stroke volume‚ and explain how adjustments in stroke volume and cardiac
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Introduction The major function of the heart is to force blood in to a closed system of blood vessels within which the blood is confines and circulated to the entire body. Heart’s activity can be compared to a muscular pump equipped with one way valves. With each heartbeat‚ an electrical impulse travels through the heart and causes the heart muscle to squeeze and pump blood from the heart. These electrical impulses‚ transmitted through the heart‚ are spread throughout the body. This electrical
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Pacemaker Model 5391 The single-chamber model is defined by its light weight‚ ease of operation‚ durability‚ and dependability. It is intended for temporary atrial or ventricular pacing and supports synchronous (VVI‚ AAI) and asynchronous (VOO‚ AOO) operating modes. Constant voltage output Basic pacing rate to 180 ppm Rapid atrial pacing at times 2 and times 4 of the basic rate up to 720 ppm Audible tone for sensitivity Easy set-up of pacing parameters by ergonomically designed dials Protective
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Anatomy of the Thorax MCQ and Spotter Hint: Cross section: Which artery (vein also indicated)? The correct answer is: Internal thoracic artery Click on the correct name for this structure: The correct answer is: Descending aorta Click on the correct name for this structure The correct answer is: Rib: head The correct answer is: Pulmonary artery The correct answer is: Sternum: xiphoid process The correct answer is: Posterior intercostal artery The correct answer is: Brachiocephalic artery
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