Pulmonary surfactant is a substance found on the alveolar wall that lowers alveolar surface tension. This decreases the muscle effort required to open and ventilate the lungs. Natural‚ endogenous surfactant is a compound composed of phospholipids‚ neutral lipids‚ and proteins that forms a layer between the alveolar surface and the alveolar gas and reduces alveolar collapse by decreasing surface tension within the alveoli. Surfactant replacement therapy rescue treatment a few hours after birth in
Premium Pulmonology Childbirth Fetus
Down Syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality and probably the most common genetic condition‚ occurs in approximately one in every eight hundred to one thousand live births or accounts for approximately 5-6 per cent of intellectual retardation. Although‚ most students with Down’s Syndrome are between the mild to moderate range of mental retardation. Initially‚ Down’s Syndrome was given the label of Mongolism due to the physical characteristics of the disorder. A student with Down’s Syndrome is usually
Premium Down syndrome
Chapter 14: Cardiovascular Physiology Cardiovascular Physiology Chapter 14 " Heart anatomy " Cardiac muscle cells " Autorhythmic cells " Cardiac cycle " Cardiac output " 1 Functions of Circulatory System " Transportation" – Respiration" Transport 02 and C02." – Nutrition" Absorbed digestion products delivered to liver and tissues" – Excretion" Carry metabolic wastes to kidneys" – Hormonal: " Carry hormones to target tissues" 2 The cardiovascular
Premium Heart
Aging heart‚ is characterized by myocardial fibrosis and atrial dilation‚ which is a proper soil for AF to flourish. Atrial Fibrillation creates electrical and structural remodeling in the atria by shortening‚ mismatching‚ and lengthening the effective refractory period (increase of dispersion)‚ depressing the intra-atrial conduction‚ and depriving its contractile function (Karamichalakis‚& Letsas). Because A-Fib cases increase with age and women generally live longer than men‚ more women than men
Premium Sleep deprivation Sleep Hypertension
Lab Report 3: Daphnia‚ Human and Crayfish Cardiac Activity Introduction An electrocardiogram‚ abbreviated as ECG in this report‚ is a visual representation of an organism’s atrial and ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Previous research has shown that although there is variability in the amplitude and shape of the waves of ECG‚ dependent on the subject’s health‚ it follows a universal pattern that can be used effectively for biometrics. The experiments discussed in this lab report were
Premium Heart Blood Cardiology
Taxol is an anticancer drug produced by extraction from the bark of the pacific yew tree called Taxus brevifolia‚ which was discovered by Harvard trained botanist called Arthur Barclay in 1962 (wall and wani‚ 1995). It was renamed to paclitaxel when it was commercially developed. It is in a form of whitish crystalline powder with a melting point of 216 ºC‚ very insoluble in water‚ highly lipophilic‚ higher protein binding rate and disturbs the structure of the inner part of the cell membrane (Goldspiel
Premium Cancer Cancer Apoptosis
Determination of Formation Constant‚ Kf of Thiocyanoiron(III)‚ FeSCN+2 Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 201 Miramar College Chemical Equilibrium: Finding the Formation Constant of FeSCN2+ (aq) Fe3 +(aq) iron(III) + SCN–(aq) FeSCN2+(aq) D thiocyanate thiocyanoiron(III) kf = € FeSCN2 + [ ] Fe +3 [SCN− ] [ ] Objective The purpose of this experiment is to determine the constant formation‚ Kf‚ (equilibrium constant) for the formation of thiocyanoiron(III)
Premium Chemical equilibrium Chemistry
Pathophysiology Paper Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure I. Description: Congestive Heart Failure is more of a syndrome than a disease. Heart failure may be classified according to the side of the heart affected‚ (left- or right-sided failure)‚ or by the cardiac cycle involved‚ (systolic or diastolic dysfunction). (Schilling-McCann p. 176). The word "failure" refers to the heart’s inability to pump enough blood to meet the body’s metabolic needs. (Schilling-McCann p. 176). When the heart
Premium Heart Hypertension Myocardial infarction
Potassium is one of the body’s major ions. Nearly 98% of the body’s potassium is intracellular. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium is important in determining the cellular membrane potential. Small changes in the extracellular potassium level can have profound effects on the function of the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems. The kidney determines potassium homeostasis‚ and excess potassium is excreted in the urine. The reference range for serum potassium level is 3
Premium Potassium
CARDIAC TUMORS INTRODUCTION Cardiac tumours occur quite rarely‚ with metastatic neoplasms three times more prevalent than primary tumours. A large variety of benign and malignant tumours of the heart have been described. These tumors are found mainly in the heart‚ but can occur in the pericardium or the great arteries. Secondary cardiac involvement from malignant tumors of adjacent organs (lung‚ thymus) or from kidney (Wilms tumor) or liver‚ or even remote organs‚ are also seen. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Premium Heart