This is a case study of a 76 year old female patient who is suffering from congestive cardiac failure. She has past medical history of hypertension‚ chronic renal failure‚ type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. She has been admitted in hospital several times recently and she was discharged 11 days ago from emergency department. Now she is suffering from dyspnoea and she feels like she can not catch her breath due to congestion of lungs. Congestion of lungs occurred due to congestive heart
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Running Head: CARIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Cardiovascular System BSC1011 Advanced Biology Tuesday‚ January 17‚ 2012 Cardiovascular System The heart weighs 300 grams and is shaped like a grapefruit and has two atria‚ two ventricles‚ and four valves receive blood from both venae cavae and the four pulmonary veins‚ and throw it into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. The heart pumps blood to 9 liters per day‚ making from 60 to 160 beats per minute. The heart is covered with
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CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION CPT PROCEDURE Joanne Johnson AHLT 255 – Advanced Coding Abstract Cardiac catheterization or Heart catheterization is a common diagnostic procedure for many heart-related problems. It examines blood flow to the heart and test how well the heart is pumping. It is the only test that is 100% accurate for diagnosis of possible blockages is a heart cath. Having a catheterization done can prevent heart attacks that cause muscle damage to the heart. Before the procedure you
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-Blood enters each kidney via renal artery and leaves each kidney via renal vein -Urine exists the kidney through a duct called the ureter and the uruters of both kidneys drain into a common urinary bladder -Kidney consists of outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla -Nephron is functional unit of vertebrate kidney -Consists of single long tubule and ball of capillaries called the glomerulus -Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus -Kidney regulates the composition of the blood and produce
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You correctly answered: c. a single‚ fused ventricle. 05/ Review Sheet Results 1. Explain why the larger waves seen on the oscilloscope represent the ventricular contraction. Your answer: The ventricular contraction is of greater force than the atrial contraction since the ventricular contraction functions to send blood throughout the entire body (systemic circulation). The contraction of the atrium send blood only to the lungs and rest of the the heart (pulmonary circulation). 2. Explain why
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thrombus or embolus that blocks blood flow to the brain. Blood clots (thrombus clots) typically happen in zones of the arteries that have been impaired by atherosclerosis from an accumulation of plaques. Embolus type blood clots are often instigated by atrial fibrillation i.e. an asymmetrical pattern of heart beat that result in blood clot formation and poor blood flow. Hemorrhage strokes can be caused by
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CONTENTS EAR NOSE THROAT ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 CERUMEN IMPACTION (EAR WAX BLOCKAGE) ............................................................................................................................... 2 OTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMER’S EAR) .......................................................................................
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multi-nodular thyroid. The thyroid ultrasound revealed heterogenous masses. An uptake scan was recommended. Moreover‚ his 2D-echo revealed a normal LV size and function with an ejection fraction of 60%. An aortic valve sclerosis and a dilated left atrial cavity were noted. A follow-up visit with the specialist doctors was recommended. He was discharged in stable condition on
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The myocardium is the middle layer and finally the endocardium is the innermost. The heart is composed of different cell types which all contribute to structural‚ biochemical‚ mechanical‚ and electrical properties. Forming the walls of the heart are atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cells specialize in different roles. They determine the function of a tissue in the human body. Endothelial cells form the endocardium which is the interior lining of blood vessels and cardiac valves. Over 50 percent
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART Anatomy: The heart and heart wall layers: The heart is located in the left side of the mediastinum; it consists of three muscle layers the Endocardium‚ myocardium‚ and epicardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart. The myocardium is the idle layer of and actual contracting muscle of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer and lines the inner chambers and heart valves. Pericardial sac: The pericardial sac encases and protects
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